人才政策如何影响人才流动?——基于2002-2021年3308项政策文本的量化分析  

How does talent policy affect talents mobility?——Based on quantitative analysis of 3308 policy texts from 2002 to 2021

作　　者：叶杨 陈强远 赵浩云 李晓萍[1] YE Yang;CHEN Qiang-yuan;ZHAO Hao-yun;LI Xiao-ping(School of Business,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;National Academy of Development and Strategy,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学商学院,湖南长沙410083 [2]中国人民大学国家发展与战略研究院,北京100872

出　　处：《科学学研究》2025年第1期162-177,共16页Studies in Science of Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073093)。

摘　　要：基于“人才争夺战”的背景和区域人才政策的视角,利用自然语言分析(NLP)、文本挖掘等方法整理出2002-2021年中国3308项地方性人才政策的量化数据,设计得到“多地区-多政策”维度下的人才政策量化标准、流程与评价体系,在此基础上结合个体微观数据,考察了城市人才政策对人才流动决策的影响。研究发现:(1)城市人才政策综合得分的提高能够显著增加该城市被人才选择的概率。从城市视角来看,较小规模城市、非省会城市人才政策的作用更为明显。从个体特征来看,高学历、高收入以及25-54岁中、青年人才群体对人才政策综合得分的变动更为敏感。(2)具体到引育留用四类政策环节上,不同地理区域城市所出台的人才政策在各政策环节的实际效果上存在显著差异。东部沿海城市、南方城市的引才、留才和用才环节政策均能显著影响人才流入,而内陆地区育才、用才环节政策作用不明显,北方地区仅留才环节政策能够产生效果。(3)具体到奖励型、保障型、发展型三类政策工具上,不同年龄阶段、不同类型人才群体对各类政策工具的偏好也有所不同。就年龄而言,35岁以下人才群体对生活补贴、薪酬待遇等短期性、补贴型的内容变动较为敏感,而35岁及以上人才群体则相对更关心子女入学与个人职业发展等保障型与发展型政策。就不同类型人才而言,创新创业人才对金融支持、创新载体建设等发展型政策的变化十分关注,而企业经管人才更关心生活补贴与个人所得税税收优惠等奖励型政策。农村实用人才则更看重保障型政策,如户籍政策等。Based on the background of"talent competition"and the perspective of regional talent policies,this paper uses natural language parsing(NLP),text mining to collate the quantitative data of 3308 local talent policies in China from 2002 to 2021,designs the quantitative standard,process and evaluation system of talent policy under the dimension of"multi region-multi policy",on this basis,combined with individual micro data,investigates the influence of urban talent policy on talent migration decision.The findings are as follows:(1)The improvement of the comprehensive score of urban talent policy can significantly increase the probability of the city being selected by talents.From the perspective of cities,the effect of talent policy is more obvious in smaller and non-capital cities.In terms of individual characteristics,the group of highly-educated,high-income and the young and middle-aged talents aged 25-54 are more sensitive to the change of the comprehensive score of talent policy.(2)Specific to the four types of policy links,there are significant differences in the actual effect of talent policies issued by cities of different geographical regions.The policies of introducing,retaining and employing talents in eastern coastal cities and southern cities can significantly affect the inflow of talents,while in inland areas,the effect of the policy of cultivating and employing talents is not obvious,in northern areas,only the policy of retaining talents can make a difference.(3)From the perspective of the three types of policy tools,different age groups and different types of talent groups also have different preferences.From the perspective of age,the talent group under 35 years old is more sensitive to short-term and subsidized content changes such as subsistence allowance and salary benefits,while the talent group over 35 years old is relatively more concerned about children admission and personal career development and other safeguard and development policies.In terms of different types of talents,the innovative a

关 键 词：人才政策 政策量化 人才流动 条件Logit 

分 类 号：C964.2[经济管理—人力资源管理]