运动产生的乳酸在神经系统中的作用及机制  

The Role and Mechanism of Lactate Produced by Exercise in The Nervous System

作　　者：马静 卜淑敏[1] 程洋 MA Jing;BO Shu-Min;CHENG Yang(School of Kinesiology and Health,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院运动科学与健康学院,北京100191

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2025年第2期348-357,共10页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：体育医学工程学新兴交叉学科平台资助项目。

摘　　要：乳酸是糖酵解的产物,传统的观念认为乳酸是产生运动性疲劳的诱因。然而,近年来的研究表明,乳酸在心脏供能、肌肉适应以及大脑执行功能、生长发育和炎症治疗中均发挥重要的作用。在神经系统中,运动尤其是高强度运动中肌肉产生的乳酸和神经系统自身产生的乳酸不仅可作为神经元的能量底物,还能作为一种细胞信号分子,与其特异性羟基羧酸受体1(hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptor1,HCAR1)结合后,可增强突触可塑性、促进血管生成、刺激神经发生以及降低神经炎症等。此外,乳酸还可以通过上调脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)的表达,增强突触可塑性。基于此,本文回顾了乳酸的研究历史,综述了乳酸的代谢特征和神经元乳酸的来源,最后就运动产生的乳酸在神经系统中的作用及其机制进行了梳理和探究,旨在为揭示运动促进脑健康的机制提供新视野和新靶点。Lactate,with a chemical formula of C3H6O3,is an intermediate product of glucose metabolism in the body and a raw material for hepatic gluconeogenesis.Under physiological resting conditions,the body mainly relies on aerobic oxidation of sugar and fat for energy supply,so the blood lactate concentration is lower.However,during exercise,the enhanced glycolysis in skeletal muscles leads to the significant release of lactate into the bloodstream,causing a marked increase in blood lactate concentration.Traditionally,lactate has been regarded as a metabolic waste product of glycolysis and a contributor to exercise-induced fatigue.Nevertheless,recent studies have revealed that,in humans,lactate is a major vehicle for carbohydrate carbon distribution and metabolism,serving not only as an energy substance alongside glucose but also as a vital component in various biological pathways involved in cardiac energetics,muscle adaptation,brain function,growth and development,and inflammation therapy.Two primary pathways can elevate lactate levels in neurons during exercise.One is peripheral skeletal muscle-derived lactate,which can enter the bloodstream and cross the blood-brain barrier into the brain with the assistance of monocarboxylate transporters(MCTs)from the solute carrier family 16(SLC16).The other is the central brain-derived pathway.During exercise,neuronal activity is enhanced,promoting the secretion of neuroactive substances such as glutamate,norepinephrine,and serotonin in the brain.This activates astrocytes to break down glycogen into lactate and stimulates glutamate from the presynaptic terminal into the synaptic cleft.It upregulates the glucose transport protein-1(GLUT-1)expression,allowing astrocytes to convert glucose into lactate through glycolysis.The lactate is produced via peripheral pathways and central pathways during exercise are transported by astrocyte membrane monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 to the extracellular space,where neurons take it up through neuronal cell membrane MCT2.The lactate

关 键 词：神经系统 乳酸 单羧酸转运蛋白 羟基羧酸受体1 

分 类 号：Q42[生物学—神经生物学] Q426[生物学—生理学]