言语在筛查老年人认知功能下降中的应用  

The Use of Speech in Screening for Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

作　　者：王思文 殷潇潇 高琳琳 贵文君 胡巧霞 楼琼 王钦文[4] WANG Si-Wen;YIN Xiao-Xiao;GAO Lin-Lin;GUI Wen-Jun;HU Qiao-Xia;LOU Qiong;WANG Qin-Wen(School of Teacher Education,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;College of Information Science and Engineering,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;School of Basic Medicine,School of Medicine,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,宁波315211 [2]宁波大学信息科学与工程学院,宁波315211 [3]宁波大学附属第一医院,宁波315211 [4]宁波大学医学部基础医学院,宁波315211

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2025年第2期456-463,共8页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”“领雁”研发攻关计划(2024C03101);浙江省基础公益项目(LGF22H090008);浙江省医药卫生科技项目(2023KY284)资助。

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病是一种严重影响老年人健康的慢性神经系统退行性疾病,其前期就可以检测到言语变化。基于计算机分析言语的方法在筛查认知功能下降方面正确率超过80%。这种方法通过分析被试在自发言语、语义流畅性以及阅读等任务中的言语表现,以一种非侵入性、易于操作且具有高度特异性的方式,为认知功能下降的早期诊断提供了一种创新的解决方案。本文总结言语数据获取方式和认知功能下降患者的言语特点,在此基础上讨论基于计算机技术进行早期筛查的研究进展。Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects the health of the elderly,marked by its incurability,high prevalence,and extended latency period.The current approach to AD prevention and treatment emphasizes early detection and intervention,particularly during the pre-AD stage of mild cognitive impairment(MCI),which provides an optimal“window of opportunity”for intervention.Clinical detection methods for MCI,such as cerebrospinal fluid monitoring,genetic testing,and imaging diagnostics,are invasive and costly,limiting their broad clinical application.Speech,as a vital cognitive output,offers a new perspective and tool for computer-assisted analysis and screening of cognitive decline.This is because elderly individuals with cognitive decline exhibit distinct characteristics in semantic and audio information,such as reduced lexical richness,decreased speech coherence and conciseness,and declines in speech rate,voice rhythm,and hesitation rates.The objective presence of these semantic and audio characteristics lays the groundwork for computer-based screening of cognitive decline.Speech information is primarily sourced from databases or collected through tasks involving spontaneous speech,semantic fluency,and reading,followed by analysis using computer models.Spontaneous language tasks include dialogues/interviews,event descriptions,narrative recall,and picture descriptions.Semantic fluency tasks assess controlled retrieval of vocabulary items,requiring participants to extract information at the word level during lexical search.Reading tasks involve participants reading a passage aloud.Summarizing past research,the speech characteristics of the elderly can be divided into two major categories:semantic information and audio information.Semantic information focuses on the meaning of speech across different tasks,highlighting differences in vocabulary and text content in cognitive impairment.Overall,discourse pragmatic disorders in AD can be studied along three dimensions:cohes

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 认知功能障碍 早期筛查 言语识别 

分 类 号：R749.1[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]