关于关中方言古全浊仄声字读作送气清声母的讨论  

A Discussion of the Guanzhong Dialect’s Ancient All-Voiced Oblique Tone Characters Read as Aspirant Voiceless Initials

作　　者：孙立新[1] SUN Lixin(Institute of Literature and Art,Shaanxi Academy of Social Sciences,Xi’an 710065,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省社会科学院文学艺术研究所,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《咸阳师范学院学报》2025年第1期41-49,共9页Journal of Xianyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(22FYYB032)。

摘　　要：大致看来,古全浊仄声字一半左右在宝鸡、岐山、长武、铜川、富平、渭南、蒲城、华阴、澄城、合阳、韩城、白水等方言点读作送气清声母,最少的是省会西安,比西安稍多的是其附近的鄠邑、周至、蓝田、咸阳、兴平,比鄠邑等多的是乾县、泾阳、高陵、临潼、商州、潼关、定边等方言点,比乾县等多的是宜君、宜川、黄陵、富县等方言点。这类字关中都读作送气清声母的如“薄_(~荷)避_(~开)倍哺捕舵造稻着_(睡不~)绽_(皮开肉~)撞”等。再如並母字“败”除了西安一带不送气,其他方言点基本上都读作送气,定母字“待”主要在渭南一带以及长武、彬州、旬邑、铜川等方言点读作送气。Generally speaking,it seems that about half of the ancient full-voiced oblique consonants are pronounced as aspirant consonants in Baoji,Qishan,Changwu,Tongchuan,Fuping,Weinan,Pucheng,Huayin,Chengcheng,Heyang,Hancheng,and Baishui,with Xi’an,the capital city as the least,and Shaanxi Huyi,Zhouzhi,Lantian,Xianyang,and Xingping in the vicinity of Xi’an as the most,Qianxian,Jingyang,Gaoling,Lintong,Shangzhou,Tongguan,and Dingbian as more,and Yijun,Yichuan,Huangling,and Fuxian as more,and Yijun,Yichuan,Huangling,and Fuxian as more,than Qianxian,and Yijun,Yichuan,and Huangling are the most.The most common are Yijun,Yichuan,Huangling,and Fuxian.For example,this kind of character is read as a voiceless consonant in Guanzhong,such as“薄_(~荷)避_(~开)倍哺捕舵造稻着_(睡不~)绽_(皮开肉~)撞”and so on.For example,the word“败”is not pronounced as“aspirant”in Xi’an dialect,but is pronounced as“aspirant”in other dialects,and the word“待”is pronounced as“aspirant”inWeinan,Changwu,Binzhou,Xunyi,and Tongchuan.

关 键 词：关中方言 古全浊仄声字 送气清声母 

分 类 号：H172.2[语言文字—汉语]