肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的诊治进展  

Progress of Diagnosis and Treatment of Anorectal Malignant Melanoma

作　　者：耿清 阮智慧 朱勇 GENG Qing;RUAN Zhihui;ZHU Yong(Department of Anorectal Medicine,Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine,Nanjing 210001,China;Jiangsu Provincial Clinical Medical Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Anorectal Diseases,Nanjing 210001,China)

机构地区：[1]南京中医药大学附属南京中医院肛肠科,南京210001 [2]江苏省中医肛肠疾病临床医学创新中心,南京210001

出　　处：《医学综述》2025年第5期548-552,558,共6页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：南京市医学科技发展项目(YKK17151);南京市卫生青年人才培养工程(QRX17092)。

摘　　要：肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤(ARMM)是一种罕见且高度侵袭性的肿瘤,与皮肤黑色素瘤不同,黏膜黑色素瘤难以识别和诊断。ARMM临床表现缺乏特异性,难以与常见的肛肠疾病区分,病理学检查、免疫组织化学检查联合S-100蛋白、前黑素体蛋白、波形蛋白检测有助于诊断。目前ARMM的治疗多采用外科手术结合辅助治疗,如放疗、化疗、免疫治疗、靶向治疗等综合模式,近年来肿瘤新抗原及寄生虫疗法的研究为免疫治疗提供了新的靶点,且有助于对ARMM的病因、临床特征、个性化治疗等进行深入分析,从而更好地防治ARMM。Anorectal malignant melanoma(ARMM)is a rare and highly invasive tumor,unlike cutaneous melanoma,mucosal melanoma is difficult to identify and diagnose.The clinical manifestations of ARMM lack specificity and are difficult to distinguish from common colorectal diseases.Combining pathological examination,immunohistochemical examination,and detection of S-100 protein,premelanosomal protein and vimentin can help with the diagnosis.At present,the treatment of ARMM mostly adopts a comprehensive mode of surgery combined with adjuvant therapy,such as radiotherapy,chemotherapy,immunotherapy,targeted therapy,etc.In recent years,research on tumor neoantigens and parasitic therapies has provided new targets for immunotherapy,and is helpful for in-depth analysis of the etiology,clinical features,individualized treatment,etc.of ARMM,so as to better prevent and treat ARMM.

关 键 词：黑色素瘤 肛管 直肠 诊断 治疗 

分 类 号：R735.3[医药卫生—肿瘤]