猪粪源溶解性有机物厌氧发酵对水中浮游植物群落结构的影响  

Influence of anaerobic fermentation-induced changes in dissolved organic matter from swine manure on the community structure of aquatic phytoplankton

作　　者：黄杰[1] 林毅青[1] 宋晓明 戴诗琴 吴根义[1] HUANG Jie;LIN Yiqing;SONG Xiaoming;DAI Shiqin;WU Genyi(College of Environment and Ecology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Xiangjian Environmental Protection Technology,Changsha 410000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学环境与生态学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南湘健环保科技有限公司,长沙410000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2025年第1期184-193,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(21B0196)。

摘　　要：为了研究生猪养殖粪污经过厌氧发酵处理中的溶解性有机物(Dissolved Organic Matter,DOM)对水体浮游植物生长和群落结构的影响,本文采用总有机碳含量对DOM进行定量,使用三维荧光光谱解析DOM物质组成,采用16S和18S高通量测序分析水环境中原核和真核生物的群落结构,比较厌氧发酵前(T1处理)、后(T2处理)猪粪源DOM对浮游植物生长、群落结构的影响差异。结果表明:T1处理中叶绿素a含量由3.69 mg·L^(-1)降到2.41 mg·L^(-1),后升高至3.24 mg·L^(-1);而T2处理中叶绿素a含量由3.75 mg·L^(-1)持续下降到1.59 mg·L^(-1)。DOM主要由5种组分构成,其中包括微生物衍生物、典型的陆生腐酸、色氨酸类物质或溶解性多环芳香烃类、蛋白质成分和酪氨酸类组分。厌氧发酵过程后DOM多环芳香烃类物质成分增加,对绿藻科藻类的生长影响显著,同时蛋白质和酪氨酸类组分的生物有效性增强,与蓝藻科的相对丰度呈负相关关系。研究表明,猪粪源溶解性有机物厌氧发酵前后对水中浮游植物群落结构的影响存在差异,且厌氧发酵后能降低浮游植物生物量。The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of dissolved organic matter(DOM)from anaerobic fermentation treatment of pig manure on the growth of water phytoplankton and community structure.In this study,DOM was quantified using total organic carbon content,and its composition was analyzed through three-dimensional fluorescence spectra.High-throughput sequencing of 16S and 18S rRNA was employed to explore the community structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the water environment.The study compared the effects of pig manure-derived DOM before anaerobic fermentation(T1 treatment)and after anaerobic fermentation(T2 treatment)on phytoplankton growth and community structure.The results showed that chlorophyll-a content in the T1 treatment decreased from 3.69 mg·L^(-1)to 2.41 mg·L^(-1)then increased to 3.24 mg·L^(-1),but it continuously declined from 3.75 mg·L^(-1)to 1.59 mg·L^(-1)in the T2 treatment.DOM was mainly composed of five components,including microbial derivatives,typical terrestrial humic substances,tryptophan-like substances or dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,protein components,and tyrosine-like components.After anaerobic fermentation,the proportion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon components in DOM increased significantly,affecting the growth of algae in the Chlorophyceae family.Additionally,the bioavailability of protein and tyrosine-like components increased,showing a negative correlation with the relative abundance of cyanobacteria.These results indicate that pig manure′s DOM affects planktonic plant communities differently before and after anaerobic fermentation.And after anaerobic fermentation,it can reduce the biomass of planktonic plants.

关 键 词：溶解性有机物 蓝藻水华 高通量测序 微生物群落结构 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X713