根茎类作物贮藏器官的发育和膨大机理  

Development and bulking mechanism of storage organs in root and tuber crops

作　　者：陈柯铧 兴旺[1,2] 王皓[1,2] 褚明月 刘大丽[1,2] CHEN Kehua;XING Wang;WANG Hao;CHU Mingyue;LIU Dali(National Beet Medium-term Gene Bank,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China;Key Laboratory of Sugar Beet Genetics and Breeding,Heilongjiang Province Common College/College of Advanced griculture and cological nvironment,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]国家甜菜种质中期库/黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080 [2]黑龙江省普通高等学校甜菜遗传育种重点实验室/黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2024年第12期1726-1736,共11页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(糖料)建设项目(CARS-170102);内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022-JBGS0029);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2023C090);黑龙江省高校科研业务费项目(2022-KYYWF-1070)。

摘　　要：根茎类作物营养丰富,其贮藏器官的发育和膨大直接影响产品的品质和产量。本文综合论述了影响根茎类作物贮藏器官发育和膨大的外界环境因素、内源激素变化、同化产物变化及相关基因调控。研究发现,细胞分裂或分生组织生长会导致根或茎发育,并受营养条件、光照、昼夜温差、水分等限制。同时,在根和茎膨大过程中,细胞分裂素(CTK,ZR,t-ZR)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)、茉莉酸(JA)、赤霉素(GA)、油菜素内酯(BR)、水杨酸(SA)等的调控伴随着体内代谢状态的感知,相关基因(包括内源激素调控、淀粉及蔗糖代谢、木质素的形成、转录因子、小RNA和DNA甲基化)积极参与根茎类作物贮藏器官的形成。本综述为更好地理解根茎类作物贮藏器官膨大过程中的解剖和形态变化以及各种生理和分子响应提供了理论基础。Root and tuber crops are rich in nutrients,and the development and bulking of their storage organs directly affects the quality and yield of the product.This paper comprehensively discussed the external environmental factors,endogenous hormone changes,assimilation product changes and related gene regulation that affect the development and bulking of storage organs in root and tuber crops.It is found that cell division or meristem growth leads to the tuberous root or tuber development,which is restricted to the nutritional conditions,light,temperature differences between day and night,water and etc.Meanwhile,during tuberous root and tuber enlargement,the regulation of cytokinins(CTK,ZR,t-ZR),auxin(IAA),abscisic acid(ABA),jasmonic acid(JA),gibberellin(GA),brassinolide(BR),salicylic acid(SA),etc.is accompanied by the perception of metabolic status in vivo,and related genes(including endogenous hormone regulation,starch and sucrose metabolism,lignin formation,transcription factors,small RNA and DNA methylation)actively participate in the formation of tuberous root or tuber.This review provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the anatomical and morphological changes as well as various physiological and molecular responses during storage organ expansion in root and tuber crops.

关 键 词：块根 肉质直根 块茎 发育 内源激素 合成代谢产物 分子机制 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]