“影子文本”与后殖民互文阅读——康拉德的《黑暗之心》与古尔纳的《天堂》  

The Shadow Text Behind Postcolonial Writing:Conrad's Heart of Darkness in Gurnah's Paradise

作　　者：王丽亚[1] WANG Liya

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学英语学院,北京100081

出　　处：《外国语文》2025年第1期43-52,共10页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“21世纪英语文学记事与研究”(23&ZD304)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：古尔纳的小说《天堂》与多部经典作品存在互文关系,与康拉德《黑暗之心》的互文关系引发热议与争论。集中《天堂》围绕商旅行程展开的情节进程,多数评论采用后殖民文学批评惯用的“逆写帝国”阅读立场,认为作品意在反写前作,表达作者对欧洲殖民主义的强力抨击;侧重两部作品在人物形象与人物关系上的非对应性,不少论者认为《天堂》的独创性在于其自身的故事与叙事艺术,与《黑暗之心》毫不相干。参照当代后殖民叙事学关于互文性的最新研究,文章分析《天堂》以暗指和象征手法与《黑暗之心》建立的历史关系与寓意勾连,揭示作品之间的主题互文关系。以暗含在主题层面的象征和比附关系反观“逆写帝国”,文章指出这一阅读立场的认识有限性,主张从后殖民小说叙事艺术入手,辨析作品与前作/“影子文本”潜在互文与对话关系。Abdulrazak Gurnah's Paradise(1994)displays rich intertextual connections with several classical texts,among which Conrad's Heart of Darkness appears as primal.Confined within the postcolonial"writing back"model,critics generally believe the novel is an isomorphic reversal of the imperial text.For critics who reject this reading stance,Paradise is uniquely African in that it tells the story of African Arabs at a time different from Conrad's narrative.Arguing against the combative and isomorphic reading mode,this essay demonstrates that Paradise builds up an implied intertextual relationship at the thematic level to Heart of Darkness through allusion and characterological symbolism.Revolving round the caravan journeys,Paradise alludes to Africa interior in Heart of Darkness,which evokes parallel readings of the two texts at the thematic level.Corroborating this thematic intertextuality,Paradise depicts Azziz as a ruthless merchant whose exploitation is symbolically associative with Conrad's Kurtz.In arguing so,this reading proposes a postcolonial intertextuality that directs reading the postcolonial text in its own merits while not neglecting its thematic parallels to its classical predecessor as a"shadow text".

关 键 词：《天堂》 《黑暗之心》 逆写帝国 影子文本 后殖民互文阅读 

分 类 号：I561.074[文学—其他各国文学]