韩非子的民心观及其治世理想  

Han Feizi’s Views on Popular Sentiment and Ideal Statecraft

作　　者：张华峰 Zhang Huafeng

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院,北京100872

出　　处：《管子学刊》2025年第2期69-81,共13页GuanZi Journal

摘　　要：“民心政治”是中国政治思想的大传统,民心涉及两个层面:其一为政治正当性的神圣根据,其二为经验层面的民众心理。相较而言,儒家更为强调神圣根据层面的民心,韩非子则更多从经验性角度把握民心。韩非子认识到民心包含“利己心”“情感心”“有限智慧”和“习惯性心理”四部分内容。韩非子并不反对治理国家应当顺应民心,只是其得民心的方式与儒家不同。韩非子得民心的方式,在于“因人情”基础上的以法治国,韩非子相信真正的以法治国能让民众生活安定和正当地谋求自我利益,“惠民利民”最终会得民心。韩非子的治世理想,就低限度而言意味着去乱解纷,重建秩序,核心内容则强调统治者“因顺大道”“以法为治”之下的“简约无为”治理和民众习惯法治、民风淳朴、社会和谐、安宁有序的治世景象。韩非子的治世理想也属于“公天下”的思想传统,是可贵的思想资源,可以经过创造性转化,为现代政治文明建设提供思想启发。“Politics of the Popular Sentiment”is a major tradition in Chinese political thought.Popular s entiment involves two levels:One is the sacred foundation for political legitimacy,and the other is the empirical level of popular psychology.Comparatively,Confucianism places more emphasis on the sacred basis of popular sentiment,while Han Feizi views it from a more empirical perspective.Han Feizi realized that“popular sentiment”consists of four aspects,namely,egoistic inclination,emotional disposition,bounded rationality,and habitual mentality.Han Feizi did agree that governance should conform to the will of the people;but the approach he proposed to obtaining the support of the people differed from that by Confucianism.Han Feizi believed that support should be obtained through the rule of law based on an understanding of human nature.Han Feizi believed that a true rule of law could enable the people to live in stability and seek their legitimate self-interests and“benefiting the people”would ultimately lead to“obtaining the support of the people”.Han Feizi’s“view of ideal statecraft”,at its basic level,implies eliminating chaos and resolving disputes to rebuild order.Its core aspect emphasizes the“simple and inactive”governance under the rulers’“following the fundamental principles”and“governing by law”,as well as the“governance scenario”of the people being accustomed to the rule of law,having simple folk customs,social harmony,and peaceful order.Han Feizi’s view on ideal statecraft also belongs to the ideological tradition of“a world for the common good”and is a valuable ideological resource that can be creatively transformed to provide ideological inspiration for the construction of modern political civilization.

关 键 词：民心观 得民心 以法治国 治世理想 公天下 

分 类 号：B226.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]