低覆盖度治沙理论及实践  

Low⁃coverage desertification control:theory and practice

作　　者：邹慧 杨文斌 朱斌[1] 刘丹一 周密 杨波 ZOU Hui;YANG Wenbin;ZHU Bin;LIU Danyi;ZHOU Mi;YANG Bo(China National Sand Control and Desert Industry Society,Beijing 100714,China;Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国治沙暨沙业学会,北京100714 [2]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第3期1070-1076,共7页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家林业和草原局揭榜挂帅项目(202401-20);中国林业科学研究院荒漠化所课题结余经费新立项(IDS2022JY-9)。

摘　　要：沙漠化是我国乃至全球面临的重大生态问题,沙区水资源问题十分突出。低覆盖度治沙理论依据天然稀疏林密度,提出在降低固沙林覆盖度的基础上,通过改变分布格局能够保持防沙治沙的效益,为沙漠化防治提供了新的思路。给出8了低覆盖度治沙的原理和不同气候区低覆盖度固沙体系典型设计,提出了低覆盖度治沙理论在与传统技术模式结合、羽翼袋沙障、沙地林田草沙水分利用与近自然生态恢复等方面的几种创新实践。实践表明,低覆盖度治沙是用覆盖度15%—25%的固沙林带(沙障)构建的一种复合型固沙植被恢复模式,留有75%—85%的空地或者地带性自然恢复植被带,能够确保沙区的水分平衡和雨养植被的稳定持续发育,对于解决目前沙区水资源承载力不足,固沙林稳定性、可持续性差等问题具有重要意义。今后将进一步加强基于低覆盖度理论的治沙、沙产业相结合的技术示范研究。Desertification is a significant ecological problem that affects our country and the world with water being the crucial issue.In arid and semi⁃arid sandy lands,soil water carrying capacity should be fully considered in vegetation species selection,land cover patterns(i.e.,the spatial distribution of different vegetation types)configuration,and planting density design when carrying out afforestation for desertification control.The low⁃coverage desertification control theory provides a new perspective for desertification control,and it is of great importance to address the conflict between water demand of revegetation and the limited water resources carrying capacity in these areas and enhance the stability and sustainability of sand⁃fixing forests in the drylands.Based on the density of natural sparse forests in arid regions,the theory of low coverage desertification control suggests that by reducing the current coverage of sand⁃fixing forests and altering the land cover distribution pattern,the benefits of desertification prevention and control can be maintained.The composite sand⁃fixing and vegetation restoration model based on low⁃coverage desertification control theory constructs sand⁃fixing shelterbelts(i.e.,forests,barriers)at a coverage rate of 15%to 25%while allowing 75%to 85%of the area to be bare land or natural recovery zonal vegetation thus ensuring water balance in sandy areas and the stable and sustainable development of rain⁃fed vegetation.Based on the low⁃coverage desertification control theory,we have designed sand⁃fixing systems such as“one row⁃one band”composite sand barrier laying model,“two row⁃one band”laying model,“two row⁃one band”trees and shrubs mixed planting laying model,“two row⁃one band”agroforestry laying model for different climate zones.Moreover,several innovative practices of the low⁃coverage desertification control theory are introduced,including combinations with traditional technical models,wing bag sand barriers,and the optimal all

关 键 词：低覆盖度治沙 实践模式 固沙稳定性 水分平衡 覆盖格局 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]