融合生态安全格局和基于自然解决方案的山水林田坝草一体化保护和系统治理  

Integrated conservation and systematic management of mountain⁃river⁃forest⁃farmland⁃dam⁃grass based on the ecological security pattern and Nature⁃based Solutions(NbS)

作　　者：王腾雯 程俊豪 熊航 刘允瑄 谢苗苗[1,2] WANG Tengwen;CHENG Junhao;XIONG Hang;LIU Yunxuan;XIE Miaomiao(School of Land Science and Technology,China University of Geoscience(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083 [2]自然资源部土地整治重点实验室,北京100035

出　　处：《生态学报》2025年第3期1210-1225,共16页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42207530);中国地质大学(北京)2022年度本科教育质量提升计划建设项目。

摘　　要：山水林田湖草沙生命共同体理念是当前我国落实生态文明建设的重要遵循,基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS)理念综合考虑社会、经济和生态效益以应对多样化挑战,实现“社会-生态”系统可持续管理,与生命共同体理念高度契合。生态安全格局是整合生态要素和优化空间配置的有效工具。以黄土高原沟壑区的皇甫川入黄小流域为研究区,提出了NbS指导下的“风险-格局-路径”生态修复框架。基于景观生态风险评价诊断流域“社会-生态”系统问题,构建源地-廊道-节点式生态安全格局,依据NbS八大准则设计“修复措施-生态效益-人类福祉”的NbS生态修复路径。建立“要素-问题-准则-策略”逻辑关系,实现NbS修复路径的全要素空间落位。结果表明:(1)皇甫川入黄小流域景观生态风险空间分异显著,干流周围及流域南部风险高,高与较高风险区、中风险区、低与较低风险区分别占全区面积的21.43%、25.56%、53.01%。(2)流域内共识别18个生态源地、153条生态廊道和86个生态节点,生态源地与廊道分布较均匀,生态节点在流域西北部分布较少。(3)设计流域“川道改造+坡沟共治+矿山重塑”三位一体的山水林田坝草一体化保护和系统治理策略,布局3大类10小类共计80个修复工程。(4)修复策略NbS自评估总分值86.04%,与NbS准则高度匹配。在NbS理念指导下,利用生态安全格局进行山水林田坝草要素生态过程耦合、空间布局协同,为流域维护生态安全、治理系统问题、实现可持续发展提供了有益实践。The concept of a community of life in the mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasses and sands is an important guideline for the implementation of ecological civilization in China.Nature⁃based Solutions(NbS)integrates social,economic,and ecological benefits,to address diversified challenges and realize sustainable management of socio⁃ecological systems,which is highly compatible with the concept of life community in China.The ecological security pattern is an effective tool for integrating ecological elements and optimizing spatial allocation.In this study,the Huangfu River sub⁃watershed on the Loess Plateau gully region was taken as the study area,and a“risk⁃pattern⁃path”ecological restoration framework guided by NbS was proposed.Based on the landscape ecological risk assessment,we diagnosed the ecosystem problems in the watershed,constructed a source⁃corridor⁃node ecological security pattern,and designed the“restoration measures⁃ecological benefits⁃human well⁃being”ecological restoration framework in accordance with the eight NbS criteria.The logical relationship of“element⁃problem⁃criterion⁃strategy”was established to realize the spatial location of the NbS restoration pathway of all elements.The results show that:(1)The landscape ecological risk of Huangfu River sub⁃watershed has significant spatial differentiation,with high risk around the main stream and the southern part of the watershed.The area of high risk,medium risk,and low risk accounted for 21.43%,25.56%,and 53.01%of the whole area,respectively.(2)There were 18 ecological sources,153 ecological corridors and 86 ecological nodes identified in the watershed.The distribution of ecological sources and corridors is relatively uniform,while the distribution of ecological nodes in the northwestern part of the watershed is relatively low.(3)The strategy of integrated conservation and systematic management of mountain⁃river⁃forest⁃farmland⁃lake⁃grass⁃sand of“river channel renovation+slope and ditch

关 键 词：NBS 山水林田湖草沙 生态修复 生态安全格局 黄土高原 

分 类 号：TU9[建筑科学]