“工具-结构”视角下国内外生成式人工智能监管政策比较研究  

A Multinational Comparative Study of Regulatory Policies for Generative AI from the Perspective of“Tools-Structure”

作　　者：邓胜利[1] 丁威威 汪璠 王浩伟 Deng Shengli;Ding Weiwei;Wang Fan;Wang Haowei(School of Information Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan,430072)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学信息管理学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《信息资源管理学报》2025年第1期54-68,共15页Journal of Information Resources Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“信息资源管理学科研究方法知识库构建及其应用研究”(23&ZD229)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：本研究基于政策工具-结构特征双重视角,以不同国家生成式人工智能监管政策为研究对象,旨在挖掘生成式人工智能政策要素的结构特征和内在关联,以促进生成式人工智能健康发展。通过采集有关有效政策文本共计14份,运用文献计量法、内容分析法和BERTopic对327条相关文本单元进行编码和解读,从政策发文时间、政策发文主体和政策主题特征三个维度剖析其结构特征,分为环境型、需求型和供给型三种政策工具探讨其作用路径。研究发现,生成式人工智能监管仍处于起步阶段,不同国家政策总体特征的差距较为明显,在监管层面存在显著差异;从整体来看,政策工具作用路径由发挥环境型政策工具间接作用为主,呈现为结构不均衡、作用路径存在偏向性;进一步对比不同国家监管政策的异同点,针对性提出构建协同治理机制、优化政策工具结构、平衡政策工具作用路径和评估政策实施效果等相应对策建议,以促进生成式人工智能监管体系的协调发展。Based on the dual perspective of policy tools and structural characteristics,this study takes the regulatory policies of generative AI in different countries as the research object,aiming to explore the structural characteristics and internal connections of the policy elements of generative AI,in order to promote the healthy development of generative AI.A total of 14 effective policy texts were collected,and 327 relevant text units were coded and interpreted using bibliometrics,content analysis,and BERTopic.The structural characteristics were analyzed from three dimensions:policy issuance time,policy issuance subject,and policy theme characteristics.The role paths were discussed by dividing into three types of policy tools:environmental,demand-driven,and supply-driven.The findings show that the regulation of generative AI is still in its infancy,and there are significant differences in the overall characteristics of policies among different countries,with significant differences in the regulatory level.Overall,the role path of policy tools is mainly dominated by the indirect role of environmental policy tools,showing a structural imbalance and bias in the role path.Further comparison of the similarities and differences in regulatory policies among different countries is conducted,and corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to optimize the policy tool structure,balance the role path of policy tools,assessing the effectiveness of policy implementation,and promote the coordinated development of the generative AI regulatory system.

关 键 词：生成式人工智能 监管 政策工具 文本分析 主题识别 协同治理 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程]