工科本科生数字能力水平及其同企业需求匹配性研究  

Research on the Digital Competence Level of Engineering Undergraduates and Its Matching the Demands of Enterprises

作　　者：陶金虎 郄海霞 王孙禺[1,2] TAO Jinhu;QIE Haixia;WANG Sunyu(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084;Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084 [2]联合国教科文组织国际工程教育中心 [3]天津大学教育学院,天津300350

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2025年第1期40-47,共8页China Higher Education Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“支撑未来产业发展的研究型大学创新发展机制与关键路径研究”(BIA240137);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目“关键领域工程博士培养国际比较与战略对策研究”(2024-HZ-18)的研究成果。

摘　　要：数字能力供给水平关乎制造业智能化发展进程。基于二阶结构方程模型、模糊综合评价法等对工科本科生进行系统评价。结果显示,高阶实践性数字能力是促进数字能力高水平发展的关键;所有专业类学生“技术伦理与安全规范、技术更新与移植能力、数字能力综合基础”评分比率最高,但实践层面的数字能力水平均较低;在数字能力综合水平上,呈现出“电子信息类>自动化类>仪器类>电气类>机械类专业”态势,且不同专业类各数字能力熟练度排序具有内在一致性;制造业亟需“软硬件协同控制能力、生产过程管理与评价能力”,但学生供给水平较低,供需关系呈现“失衡态”。未来应进一步创新教学模式与过程,优化课程体系与资源建设,完善数字能力培养生态。The level of digital competence supply affects the process of intelligent process of the manufacturing industry.Based on the second-order structural equation model,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,etc.,a systematic evaluation of engineering undergraduates was conducted.The results show that high-level practical digital competencies are the key to promoting the high-level development of digital competence.These students have a high rating ratio for their abilities in“technical ethics and safety regulations,technology updates and transplantation,and comprehensive foundation of digital abilities”,as well as a low level of digital competence at the practical level.On the comprehensive level of digital competence,there is a trend of“electronic information majors>automation majors>instrument majors>electrical majors>mechanical majors”,and the proficiency ranking of various digital competencies in different professional categories has inherent consistency.The manufacturing industry urgently needs“software and hardware collaborative control competencies,production process management and evaluation competencies”,but the supply level of students is low,presenting an“imbalance state”.In the future,we should further innovate teaching models and processes,optimize curriculum systems and resource construction,and improve the ecosystem for cultivating digital competence.

关 键 词：工科生 数字能力 企业 供需关系 

分 类 号：F279.2[经济管理—企业管理] F49[经济管理—国民经济] G642[文化科学—高等教育学]