克服再现危机:当代西方历史叙述理论新动向评述  

Overcoming the Crisis of Representation——A Review of New Trends in Contemporary Western Historical Narrative Theory

作　　者：贺嘉年 HE Jianian(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Fudan University,Shanghai,China 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学中国语言文学系,上海200433

出　　处：《温州大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期11-23,共13页Journal of Wenzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(23&ZD232)。

摘　　要：20世纪90年代以降,人文学术遭遇普遍性的再现危机。再现危机在历史叙述理论领域的典型表征,即关于纳粹大屠杀的历史书写论争。叙述不再指涉客观对象,而是不断自我指涉的意义游戏,这种文本主义论调极易导致历史相对主义与虚无主义的谬误。以克服再现危机为主题,当代西方历史叙述理论发生了一系列的修正与更新,总体呈现出叙述观念论向叙述实在论的某种回归趋势。这种回归主要体现在两个层面:一是重估叙述的真实性与虚构性,特别吸收借鉴见证文学的书写与叙述观,实现历史叙述真实、审美与伦理向度的统一;二是以多米尼克·拉卡普拉、弗兰克·安克斯密特与艾尔克·鲁尼亚为代表的学者,积极吸收美学、精神分析等理论资源,探索超越叙述或曾被叙述压抑的创伤记忆、在场等前沿议题,实现文学、美学与史学更为深层次的贯通融合。这些学术新进展,对于评骘历史叙述的理论得失,构建具有中国特色的美学与文论话语,具有一定的参考价值。Since the 1990s,humanities scholarship has suffered from a general crisis of representation,which is typified in the field of the theory of historical narratives,namely,the controversy over the writing of the history of the Holocaust.Narratives no longer refer to historical objects,but rather a continuous self-referential play of meanings,a textualist discourse that can easily lead to the fallacies of historical relativism and nihilism.In order to overcome the crisis of representation,the contemporary western historical narrative theory has carried out a series of revisions and updates,reflecting a certain tendency of the return from narrative idealism to narrative realism.This return is mainly reflected in two aspects.The first is to revaluate the authenticity and fictionality of narratives,especially by absorbing the writing and narrative view of witness literature,so as to achieve a balanced unity of the authentic,aesthetic and ethical dimensions of historical narratives.The other is represented by Dominick LaCapra,Frank Ankersmit and Eelco Runia,who have actively absorbed the theoretical resources of aesthetics and psychoanalysis,exploring the traumatic memory,presence and other frontier issues that transcend narratives or have been suppressed by narratives,thus achieving a deeper integration of literature,aesthetics and historiography.These new academic developments should be of some reference value in evaluating the theoretical gains and losses of historical narratives,as well as in constructing a discourse of aesthetics and literature with Chinese characteristics.

关 键 词：再现危机 历史叙述 叙述观念论 叙述实在论 

分 类 号：I05[文学—文学理论]