自洗钱与上游犯罪想象竞合关系之否定——以行为对象为切入点  

Self Money Laundering and Upstream Crimes Do Not Constitute an Imaginative Concurrence Relationship:Starting with the Behavior Object

作　　者：朱纪源 叶晓川[1] ZHU Jiyuan;YE Xiaochuan(People's Public Security University of China,Bejing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民公安大学,北京100038

出　　处：《宜宾学院学报》2025年第1期88-98,共11页Journal of Yibin University

摘　　要：在自洗钱行为是上游犯罪实行行为组成部分的情况下,对于二者能否构成想象竞合关系,肯定说与否定说的争议焦点在于如何确定洗钱罪的行为对象。基于法教义学与刑事政策的双重考量,洗钱罪的行为对象应限于被上游犯罪人实际控制的犯罪所得,因而自洗钱与上游犯罪不构成想象竞合关系:其一,洗钱罪是特殊的赃物犯罪,其行为对象的确定须满足保护司法机关正常活动法益的规范目的并与掩隐罪相协调;其二,可以有效避免“量刑倒挂”的不合理现象以及洗钱罪的“通货膨胀”所导致的刑罚敏感度下降。“实际控制”的判定标准在于事实上的支配力,可以分为直接控制型与间接控制型,前者以事实上的自由使用为核心,后者应立足于社会一般观念进行综合判断。“实际控制”与犯罪既遂间并无必然联系,应基于上游犯罪的性质进行类型化考察,这一点可以从最高检公布的洗钱罪典型案例中得到印证。In the case where self money laundering is a component of upstream implementing behaviors,there is a debate between affirmative and negative views on whether the two can form an imaginative concurrence re-lationship.The focus of the dispute lies in how to determine the target of the money laundering crime.Based on the dual considerations of legal doctrine and criminal policy,the object of the crime of money laundering should be limited to the criminal proceeds actually controlled by the upstream criminal,so the self-money laundering and upstream crime do not constitute imaginary competition.First,the crime of money laundering is a special type of booty crime,and the determination of its target must meet the normative purpose of protect-ing the legal interests of judicial organs and be coordinated with the crime of concealment.Second,it can effec-tively avoid the unreasonable phenomenon of"sentencing upside down"and the decrease of penalty sensitivity caused by"inflation"of money laundering crime.The criterion of"actual control"lies in the actual control,which can be divided into"direct control type"and"indirect control type",the former is based on the free use of fact as the core,the latter should be based on the general concept of society for comprehensive judgment.There is no necessary relationship between"actual control"and the accomplishment of the crime,so one should study the type based on the nature of the predicate crime,which can be confirmed from the typical cases of money laundering crimes published by the Supreme People's Procuratorate.

关 键 词：自洗钱 上游犯罪 想象竞合 犯罪所得 事实支配力 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]