基于单线激光雷达的房屋墙线自动提取方法  

Automatic Extraction Method of House Wall Lines Based on Single-line Laser Radar

作　　者：许璟琳 王鹏 Xu Jinglin;Wang Peng(Shanghai Construction No.4(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201103,China)

机构地区：[1]上海建工四建集团有限公司,上海201103

出　　处：《土木建筑工程信息技术》2025年第1期74-79,共6页Journal of Information Technology in Civil Engineering and Architecture

基　　金：上海市科技创新行动计划项目(编号:22dz1207102);上海市青年科技启明星计划(编号:21QB1403000)。

摘　　要：针对现有房屋尺寸测量方法依赖人工经验、测量效率低下以及关键尺寸容易疏漏等问题,本文提出了一种基于单线激光雷达的智能量房方法。首先,手持单线激光雷达在室内匀速行走,采集周围墙壁的二维点云数据;其次,使用欧式聚类分割扫描点云,得到相对独立的点云子集,降低点云计算负荷;然后,基于霍夫变换方法,从点云子集中提取直线段、圆弧等轮廓线特征;最后,将点云和轮廓线特征叠加匹配,并根据房屋墙体连接规律修正特征的连接关系,执行闭环检测,从而得到有序连接的墙体轮廓线。结果表明:方法整体耗时约191 s,测量效率较传统卷尺或激光测距仪测量方法提升近5倍;测量精度约2 cm,轮廓线提取精度约1.2 cm,较卷尺测量有所提升。本文的研究方法设备成本低、数据完整性高和人为干扰因素小,有效实现了房屋户型的快速测量和户型图的自动生成,可为后续装修施工、空间资产管理等工程应用提供数据支撑。In light of the challenges associated with relying on manual experience,low measurement efficiency,and potential omission of key dimensions in existing house size measurement methods,this paper proposes an intelligent room measurement method based on a single-line laser radar.Initially,efficient and accurate collection of two-dimensional point cloud data from the surrounding walls is achieved by holding a single-line laser radar and walking at a constant speed indoors.Subsequently,the Euclidean clustering method is employed to segment relatively independent subsets of point clouds from the initial scanned point cloud,alleviating the computational load of the point cloud.Following that,using the Hough transform method,contour features such as line segments and circular arcs are extracted from the point cloud subset.Finally,the point cloud and contour line features are superimposed and matched,and the connection relationships of the features are corrected according to the connection law of the house wall.Additionally,closed-loop detection is performed to obtain orderly connected wall contour lines.The results showed that the overall time consumption of the method proposed in this paper was about 191 s,indicating that the measurement efficiency is nearly 5 times higher than traditional tape measure or laser rangefinder measurements.The measurement accuracy was approximately 2 cm,and the contour line extraction accuracy was about 1.2 cm,representing an improvement over tape measurement.The method boasts low equipment cost,high data integrity,and minimal human interference factors,effectively enabling rapid measurement of housing layouts and the automatic generation of layout maps.It can offer valuable data support for subsequent engineering applications,such as decoration construction and spatial asset management.

关 键 词：墙线提取 单线激光雷达 点云 霍夫变换 特征修正 

分 类 号：TU17[建筑科学—建筑理论]