基于SMA致动的三位三通阀和两位三通阀设计  

Design of Three Position Three-way Valves and Two Position Three-way Valves based on SMA Actuation

作　　者：吴雷 WU Lei(Huizhou Tangtring Seating Technology Inc.,Huizhou 516000,China)

机构地区：[1]惠州市唐群座椅科技股份有限公司,广东惠州516000

出　　处：《新技术新工艺》2025年第1期20-28,共9页New Technology & New Process

摘　　要：随着我国新能源汽车技术的快速发展,在汽车座椅舒适系统中,传统的电磁阀在能耗、体积、重量和噪声等方面面临着新的挑战,往往不足以满足市场端差异化的需求。因此,对智能材料目前的研究和应用现状进行了大量调研,结合实验验证,从微型致动器工程实际应用的角度出发,筛选、研究和分析了热致动智能材料、电致动智能材料、磁致动智能材料各自的致动原理和优缺点,对比分析了各自的性能,并从中选取了SMA合金丝作为驱动器的核心驱动部件。介绍了SMA合金丝的驱动原理,以及如何采用SMA合金丝进行气动三位三通阀和两位三通阀的设计和计算,并详细介绍了SMA合金丝的选型,结构设计、计算及驱动方式等,分别设计出一款三位三通阀和一款两位三通阀。该产品有效地解决了传统电磁铁方案噪声大、重量大的问题,具有结构紧凑、设计简单、驱动方便、运行可靠、噪声低等优点。该产品也可以用于智能家居、医疗健康等行业。With the rapid development of China new energy vehicle technology,in the automotive seat comfort system,the traditional solenoid valves have been facing new challenges in terms of energy consumption,volume,weight,noise,etc.,which was often insufficient to meet the needs of the market differentiation.So through a large number of investigations on the current research and application status of intelligent materials,combined with experimental verification,from the perspective of practical application of the micro actuator engineering,I screened and studied and analyzed the respective actuation principles,advantages and disadvantages of thermally-actuated intelligent materials,electrically-actuated intelligent materials,and magnetically-actuated intelligent materials,and compared and analyzed their respective performance,finally the shape memory alloy wire(SMA alloy wire)was selected as the core driving component of the actuator.It was introduced that the driving principles of the SMA alloy wire,and how to use SMA alloy wire to design and calculate the pneumatic three-position three-way valve and two-position three-way valve.It was introduced that the selection,structural design,calculation and driving mode of SMA alloy wire in details.A three-position three-way valve and a two-position three-way valve were designed respectively.The product effectively solved the problem of large noise and heavy weight of the traditional electromagnet scheme,and had the advantages of compact structure,simple design,convenient driving,reliable operation,low noise and so on.The product could also be used in smart home,medical health and other industries.

关 键 词：SMA 形状记忆合金 致动器 微型气阀 

分 类 号：TH138[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH138.52[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TH162[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程] TP206.1