中老年人膳食模式与人体相位角等体成分指标关系研究  

Association between dietary patterns, body phase angle, and body composition in middle-aged and older individuals

作　　者：李程[1] 李亚茹 王楠 葛智文[1] 毕研霞[1] 王宇霞 王旖思 王佳[1] 丁冰杰[1] 洪忠新[1] LI Cheng;LI Ya-ru;WANG Nan(Department of Clinical Nutrition,Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100050,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院营养科,北京100050

出　　处：《临床和实验医学杂志》2025年第1期99-103,共5页Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine

基　　金：北京友谊医院十大重点专业建设专项(编号:BFHOS20230001)。

摘　　要：目的 探讨中老年人膳食模式与机体相位角、体成分的关系。方法 采用横断面研究,于2023年6~7月,选择北京市房山区张坊村作为调查点,招募45周岁及以上中老年人。采用食物频率法进行膳食调查,探索性因子分析法挖掘膳食模式,生物电阻抗法测量相位角、体成分指标(包括右上肢、左上肢、右下肢、左下肢、躯干节段和全身相位角指标数值,以及体重、蛋白质总重量、矿物质总重量、体脂肪总重量、去脂体重、骨骼肌、内脏脂肪面积等)。应用广义线性模型,分析5种膳食模式(模式1以禽肉、动物内脏为特征食物,命名“动物性食物”模式;模式2以新鲜水果、小吃类突出,命名“新鲜水果-地方小吃”模式;模式3以鱼虾类和大豆类为特征食物,命名“鱼虾-大豆”模式;模式4以薯类为特征食物,命名为“植物性食物”模式;模式5以茶水、面食为特征食物,命名“中国茶-面食”模式)与相位角、体成分关系。结果 纳入124名研究对象,男性55名,女性69例。男性节段相位角值、总相位角值、体重、蛋白质总重量、矿物质总重量、去脂体重、骨骼肌总重量均显著高于女性,体脂肪总重量、内脏脂肪面积则显著低于女性,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结果发现,“鱼虾-大豆”模式与男性躯干相位角、双侧下肢相位角均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与内脏脂肪面积呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。“动物性食物”模式与女性躯干相位角呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。“新鲜水果-地方小吃”模式和“中国茶-面食”模式与女性部分体成分指标呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。结论 中老年人适当增加鱼虾类、大豆及动物性食物等富含优质蛋白质的食物摄入,可提升整体膳食质量,对于改善机体相位角、体成分及营养健康状态,存在积极作用。Objective To investigate the association between dietary patterns and phase angle as well as body composition in middle-aged and older individuals.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to July 2023,selecting Zhangfang Village in Fangshan District,Beijing as the survey site,and recruiting middle-aged and aged individuals aged 45 years and above.The dietary survey was conducted by food frequency method,the dietary pattern was explored by exploratory factor analysis,and the phase angle and body composition(including the right upper limb,left upper limb,right lower limb,left lower limb,trunk segment and body phase angle index values,as well as body weight,total protein weight,total mineral weight,total body fat weight,fat-free weight,skeletal muscle,visceral fat area,etc.)were measured by bioelectrical impedance method.The relationships between five dietary patterns(pattern 1 was characterized by poultry meat and animal viscera,named"animal food"pattern;pattern 2 was characterized by fresh fruit and snacks as prominent,named"fresh fruit-local snacks"pattern;pattern 3 was characterized by fish,shrimp and soybean,named"fish-shrimp-soybean"pattern;pattern 4 was characterized by potato food,named"plant food"pattern;pattern 5 was characterized by tea and pasta,named"Chinese tea-wheat products"pattern)and phase angle and body composition were applied using the generalized linear model.Results A total of 124 subjects were included,including 55 males and 69 females.The segmental phase angle value,total phase angle value,body weight,total protein weight,total mineral weight,fat-free weight and total skeletal muscle weight of males were significantly higher than those of females,while the total body fat weight and visceral fat area were significantly lower than those of females,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The"fish-shrimp-soybeans"pattern was significantly positively associated with trunk phase angle,right lower limb phase angle,and left lower limb phase angle in males,and negati

关 键 词：膳食模式 相位角 体成分 中老年人 生物电阻抗 

分 类 号：R15[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]