从语言到观念:“师父”一词的来源和影响  

From Language to Concept:The Origin and Influence of the Word Shifu(师父)

作　　者：朱冠明[1] ZHU Guanming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《汉字汉语研究》2024年第4期3-15,124,共14页The Study Of Chinese Characters And Language

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“佛典语言的中国化”(20&ZD304)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：古代中国的观念中“师”与“父”是并立的两个概念,东汉以前的汉语中没有“师父”一词。古代印度的观念中“师同于父”,且“师”是更崇高的“父”,因此东汉以后的汉译佛典中,来自印度或西域的译师通过同义复合的方法创造了“师父”一词。由于“师父”的普遍使用,唐以后中国人逐渐接受了“师同于父”这一外来观念,并延续至今。“师父”的产生和发展演变,是佛典语言中国化和语言影响观念的典型个案。In ancient Chinese thought,the concepts of shi(师)and fu(父)were two parallel ideas,and the term shifu(师父)did not exist in the Chinese language before the Eastern Han dynasty.In ancient Indian thought,however,shi(师)was equated with fu(父),and the shi(师)was considered a higher form of fu(父).As a result,after the Eastern Han period,translators of Buddhist texts from India or the Western Regions created the word shifu(师父)through synonymous compounding.Due to the widespread use of shifu(师父),the idea that shi(师)being equal to fu(父)gradually gained acceptance among the Chinese after the Tang dynasty,which has endured to the present day.The emergence and evolution of the term shifu(师父)is a typical case of the Sinicization of Buddhist scriptural language and the infl uence of language on concepts.

关 键 词：师父 汉译佛典 摩奴法论 观念 

分 类 号：I26[文学—中国文学]