典型桥梁主梁涡振机理分析的简化涡方法  

Simplified Vortex Method for Analyzing the Vortex-induced Vibration Mechanism of Typical Bridge Girders

作　　者：胡传新 王相龙 赵林[2,4] 葛耀君[2,4] HU Chuan-xin;WANG Xiang-long;ZHAO Lin;GE Yao-jun(School of Urban Construction,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China;Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Wind Resistant Technology for Bridge Structures,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Institute of High Performance Engineering Structure,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,Hubei,China;State Key Lab of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学城市建设学院,湖北武汉430065 [2]同济大学桥梁结构抗风技术交通运输行业重点实验室,上海200092 [3]武汉科技大学城市更新湖北省工程研究中心,湖北武汉430065 [4]同济大学土木工程防灾减灾全国重点实验室,上海200092

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第1期187-198,共12页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52108471);桥梁结构抗风技术交通行业重点实验室开放基金项目(KLWRTBMC23-02);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4201500,2022YFC3005301,2022YFC3004105);湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划项目(T2022002)。

摘　　要：旋涡脱落和漂移是桥梁断面涡振发生时的共同流场特征,主梁表面压力时空分布与旋涡漂移密切关联。基于主梁表面时空压力场,系统分析了涡激气动力统计参数(相关系数、贡献值、量纲一功等)的空间分布特征,建立了简化涡基本理论,提出了典型桥梁主梁涡振机理分析的简化涡方法。该方法可推演关键流场特征及其主导同步气动力时空演变模式,从而揭示涡振机理。以典型箱梁为例,结合气动力时频特征、数值流场与谱本征正交分解(Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, SPOD),验证了简化涡方法。研究结果表明:发生竖向(扭转)涡振时,相关系数、贡献值和量纲一功为脉动压力与涡激力(矩)之间相位差的类简谐函数。当相位差单调变化时,上述统计参数呈波浪式分布,且对应主导涡激气动力沿流向呈行波式演变,统称为气动行波模式。该模式与对应简化涡模式互为映射,共同构成简化涡模态。竖向涡振时,上表面旋涡前缘分离至尾缘处漂移距离约为k个波长,耗时k个断面振动周期,即由分离点诱发的k阶竖向简化涡模态主导;扭转涡振上表面旋涡前缘分离至尾缘处漂移距离约为(k+0.5)个波长,耗时(k+0.5)个断面振动周期,即由分离点诱发的k阶扭转简化涡模态主导;其中k为正整数。典型箱梁上表面气动力主导SPOD模态沿流向呈行波式演变,相关系数呈波浪式分布,且波涡模式互为映射,较好地验证了简化涡方法。所提系统建立了简化涡基本理论,构建了以与振动效应关联多尺度气动力时空演变特征为“一体”、以推演关键流场特征的简化涡模式和以精确模拟气动力时空演变特征的气动行波模式为“两翼”的简化涡方法体系,为桥梁主梁涡振物理机制分析、涡激力数理模型构建及涡振抑振措施比选提供新的理论依据。Vortex shedding and drifting are common characteristics of the flow field around bridge girders during the occurrence of vortex-induced vibrations.Based on the spatial and temporal pressure field of the main beam surface,the spatial distribution characteristics of the statistical parameters of the vortex-induced dynamics(e.g.,correlation coefficient,contribution value,dimensionless work)are systematically analyzed.The basic theory of simplified vortex-induced dynamics is established,and simplified vortex-induced mechanisms of typical bridge main beams are proposed.This method can deduce the characteristics of key flow fields and the spatiotemporal evolution model of the dominant synchronous aerodynamic force to reveal the vortex mechanism.Using a typical box girder as an example,the simplified vortex method is verified by combining the time-frequency characteristics of aerodynamic force,numerical flow field,and spectral proper orthogonal decomposition(SPOD).The results show that the correlation coefficient,contribution value,and dimensionless work are similar harmonic functions of the phase lag between the pulsating pressure and vortex-induced force(moment)when vertical(torsional)vortex-induced vibration occurs.When the phase lag changes monotonically,the aforementioned statistical parameters show wave-like distribution,and the corresponding dominant aerodynamic force shows traveling wave,space-time evolution characteristics along the flow direction,collectively referred to as aerodynamic traveling wave mode.This mode and the corresponding simplified vortex mode map each other and form the simplified vortex mode together.In vertical vortex-induced vibration,the drift distance from the vortex leading edge separation to the trailing edge is approximately k wavelengths,which requires k vibration cycles;that is,the kth order vertical simplified vortex mode induced by the separation point dominates.The drift distance from the vortex leading edge separation to the trailing edge is approximately(k+0.5)wavelengths,and it

关 键 词：桥梁工程 简化涡方法 涡振 桥梁主梁 旋涡漂移 气动力行波 

分 类 号：U411.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]