自动驾驶轿车队列行驶下多车事故中驾驶人损伤风险研究  

Driver Injury Risk in Multi-vehicle Accidents Involving Autonomous Vehicle Platooning

作　　者：王方 刘晶 胡林[1,2] 胡盛辉 谢一帆 武和全 刘鑫[1,2] ZHOU Zhou WANG Fang;LIU Jing;HU Lin;HU Sheng-hui;XIE Yi-fan;WU He-quan;LIU Xin;ZHOU Zhou(School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha 410114,Hunan,China;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Safety Design and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Changsha 410114,Hunan,China;Division of Neuronic Engineering,KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Stockholm 14152,Sweden)

机构地区：[1]长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院,湖南长沙410114 [2]工程车辆安全性设计与可靠性技术湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410114 [3]瑞典皇家理工学院神经元工程系,斯德哥尔摩14152

出　　处：《中国公路学报》2025年第1期348-358,共11页China Journal of Highway and Transport

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52325211);国家自然科学基金项目(52372348,52172399);湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(24A0240);湖南省普通高等学校科技创新团队(2024RC1029)。

摘　　要：自动驾驶汽车队列技术的发展会导致新的碰撞事故形态,目前对于这类新型事故中的乘员损伤及防护研究极少。为给自动驾驶汽车队列碰撞中乘员保护研究和技术开发提供参考,基于自动驾驶轿车队列高速行驶工况下典型三车碰撞事故场景,获取各事故场景中的车辆碰撞时间和速度等边界条件,开展碰撞事故全过程有限元数值仿真,得到各碰撞工况中驾驶人运动学和损伤响应,并深入量化分析了自动驾驶轿车队列行驶多车碰撞事故场景中的驾驶人损伤风险。研究结果表明:驾驶人颅骨骨折风险均低于1%,但头部存在显著的严重颅脑损伤风险,基于BrIC损伤准则预测的AIS 3+风险最高达到70.2%;颈椎由于发生过度向前弯曲和向后延伸,有3种类型韧带均呈较严重的损伤风险;胸部肋骨骨折风险较小,内脏的损伤风险与队列中车辆的碰撞顺序有关,当中间车先经历正面碰撞再被追尾时,驾驶人心脏和肝脏的最大主应变远超损伤阈值0.3,损伤风险显著,而当中间车先被后车追尾再与前车相撞时,中间车驾驶人内脏最大主应变均低于0.3,整体损伤风险均较低。The development of autonomous vehicle platoons will lead to new accident patterns.Insufficient research exists on occupant injury and protection associated with this new type of accident.To provide a reference for the research and technological development of occupant protection in autonomous vehicle platoon collisions,a continuous crash accident scenario involving a typical three-car autonomous vehicle platoon under high-speed conditions was utilized to determine boundary conditions such as impact time and speed.A full-scale finite element simulation was conducted to obtain the driver kinematics and injury response in each collision condition,and driver injury risk in the autonomous vehicle platoon collision scenarios was analyzed.The results show that although the risk of skull fracture is less than 1%,the risk of severe craniocerebral injury is significant,with the highest predicted risk of AIS 3+using the BrIC criterion reaching 70.2%.Owing to excessive forward bending and backward extension of the cervical spine,three types of ligaments are at risk of serious injury.Furthermore,the risk of chest rib fracture is relatively low,whereas the risk of viscera damage is contingent on the collision sequence.When the middle car first experiences a frontal collision and is then rear-ended,the maximum principal strain on the driver's heart and liver far exceeds the damage threshold of 0.3,resulting in significant damage risk.Conversely,when the middle car is rear-ended and then collides with the front car,the maximum principal strain on the driver's internal organs is less than 0.3,resulting in a low overall damage risk.

关 键 词：汽车工程 乘员损伤 有限元方法 自动驾驶轿车队列 多车事故 

分 类 号：U467.14[机械工程—车辆工程]