人脑类器官技术及其在阿尔茨海默病中的应用研究进展  

Recent advance in human brain organoid technology and its application in Alzheimer's disease

作　　者：李冉 韩晓博 Li Ran;Han Xiaobo(School of Mental Health,Jining Medical University,Jining 272013,China;Shandong Key Laboratory of Mental and Behavioral Medicine,Jining 272013,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院精神卫生学院,济宁272013 [2]山东省精神与行为医学重点实验室,济宁272013

出　　处：《中华神经医学杂志》2025年第1期68-75,共8页Chinese Journal of Neuromedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82401490);山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023QH357)。

摘　　要：人脑类器官是一种由人类干细胞培养而成的三维微型脑组织模型,包含多种神经细胞和特定的空间组织结构,可以模拟人类大脑发育的关键特征。因人脑组织难以获取,动物模型难以反映AD患者的特征,与大脑功能和结构相似的人脑类器官模型便成为研究AD的重要工具。本文围绕人脑类器官的发展、在AD中的应用及相关前沿技术的研究进展进行综述,以期为AD的早期诊断与治疗提供新思路。Human brain organoids are three-dimensional miniature brain tissue models cultured from human stem cells,containing a variety of nerve cells and specific spatial organization structures,which can simulate key features of human brain development.Faced with the difficulties of obtaining human brain tissues and inability of animal models in reflecting the disease characteristics,brain-like organ models with similarities to brain function and structure have become a valuable tool for studying AD.This article reviews the development of brain-like organ models and their application in AD,and discusses how emerging technologies can achieve breakthroughs in AD research through brain-like organ models,with the aim of providing new ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of AD.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 人脑类器官 疾病建模 人工智能 

分 类 号：R749.16[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]