高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及缓解措施分析  

Analysis of Sonic Boom Phenomenon and Mitigation Measures in Long Tunnels of High Speed Railway

作　　者：董武 马伟斌 韩嘉强 DONG Wu;MA Weibin;HAN Jiaqiang(Safety Supervision&Management Bureau,China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100844,China;Railway Engineering Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国国家铁路集团有限公司安全监督管理局,北京100844 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁路技术创新》2024年第6期1-9,共9页Railway Technical Innovation

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(J2023G001)。

摘　　要：针对高速铁路隧道音爆现象,采用文献调研的方法,梳理国内外高速铁路隧道音爆典型案例。基于已开展的实车测试试验及仿真模拟研究,分析音爆现象成因、噪声基本特点以及不同缓解措施和效果。结果表明:音爆现象主要发生在长度大于5 km、采用无砟轨道的长大隧道,在隧道净空面积、洞口缓冲结构型式等因素影响下,不同隧道发生音爆的临界列车速度不同;长大隧道内压缩波在传播过程中发生激化,导致压缩波波形变陡、首波梯度峰值激增,由此诱发音爆现象;音爆发生时,隧道洞口微气压波峰值一般较高,实测峰值可超过120 Pa;噪声分贝值在音爆发生时刻瞬时增加,较环境噪声增幅可达45 dB(A);开启隧道内斜井或在洞口缓冲结构增设空气动力学开孔可在一定程度上辅助缓解音爆现象,实测开启斜井后隧道洞口微气压波峰值最大降幅约为28.5%。In view of the sonic boom phenomenon in high speed railway tunnels,this paper sorts out typical cases of sonic boom in high speed railway tunnels at home and abroad by means of literature research.Based on the conducted real vehicle test and simulation research,this paper analyzes the causes of sonic boom phenomenon,basic characteristics of noise,as well as different mitigation measures and effects.The results indicate that:Sonic boom phenomenon mainly occurs in long tunnels with a length greater than 5 km and using ballastless tracks.Under the influence of factors such as tunnel clearance area and portal buffer structure type,the critical train speed for sonic boom in different tunnels is different.The compression wave in the long tunnel is excited during its propagation,resulting in steep deformation of the compression wave and sharp increase in the peak gradient of the head wave,thus inducing the sonic boom phenomenon.When a sonic boom occurs,the peak value of micro-pressure wave at the tunnel portal is generally high,and the measured peak value can exceed 120 Pa.The decibel value of the noise increases instantaneously at the moment of the sonic boom,which is up to 45 dB(A)higher than that of the ambient noise.Opening the inclined shaft in the tunnel or adding aerodynamic openings to the portal buffer structure can assist in alleviating the sonic boom phenomenon to a certain extent.The measured maximum decrease in the peak value of micro-pressure wave at the tunnel portal after opening the inclined shaft is about 28.5%.

关 键 词：高速铁路 长大隧道 音爆 压缩波 微气压波 噪声 

分 类 号：U451.3[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]