秦汉时期民户耕作能力初探  

A Study on the Cultivation Ability of Households During Qin and Han Dynasties

作　　者：王宁 WANG Ning(School of History,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学历史学院,北京100875

出　　处：《文化创新比较研究》2025年第1期63-67,共5页Comparative Study of Cultural Innovation

摘　　要：该文以出土文献为核心,对比传世文献,系统考察了秦汉时期民户耕作能力。秦汉时期,北方人均垦种能力一般在17大亩至20大亩,东汉时期略有提升。南方耕作方式多为火耕水耨,耕作方式与中原有异。秦至汉初,南方耕作能力略低于北方,但总体差异不大。东汉时期,南方人均耕作能力有较大提升,人均垦种大概在20亩至30亩之间。秦汉时期牛耕使用仍未普及,使用牛耕的耕种效率是人力耕种的3倍左右。考察秦汉民户耕作能力,能够加深人们对秦汉农业发展水平的认识,为进一步研究秦汉土地制度和田租征纳提供依据。This article takes unearthed documents as the core,compares them with handed down documents,and systematically examines the farming ability of households during the Qin and Han dynasties.The cultivation capacity in the north during the Qin and Han dynasties was generally between 17 and 20 mu,and the per capita cultivation capacity in the northwest during the Han Dynasty was not much different from that in the Central Plains.The farming method in the south is water-cultivation and fire cultivation,which is different from that in the Central Plains.From the Qin Dynasty to the early Han Dynasty,the farming capacity in the south was slightly lower than that in the north,but the overall difference was not significant.During the Eastern Han Dynasty,the cultivation capacity in the south was improved,with per capita cultivation ranging from 20 to 30 mu.During the Qin and Han Dynasties,the use of cattle for farming was still not widespread,and the use of cattle for farming was about three times that of manual farming.Studying the farming ability of households in the Qin and Han dynasties can deepen our understanding of the level of agricultural development in these regions,and provide a basis for further research on the land system and land rent in the Qin and Han dynasties.

关 键 词：亩制 耕作能力 牛耕 秦汉 农业发展水平 火耕水耨 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]