绿肥还田条件下减氮对河西绿洲灌区玉米产量及N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effects of nitrogen reduction on maize yield and N_(2)O emission under green manure returning in Hexi oasis irrigation area

作　　者：刘亚龙 王鹏飞 于爱忠[1,2] 王玉珑 尚永盼 杨学慧 尹波 张冬玲 王凤 LIU Ya-Long;WANG Peng-Fei;YU Ai-Zhong;WANG Yu-Long;SHANG Yong-Pan;YANG Xue-Hui;YIN Bo;ZHANG Dong-Ling;WANG Feng(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;State Key Laboratory of Aridland Habitat Crop Science,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第3期771-784,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900200);国家自然科学基金项目(32160524);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-22-G-12);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才培育计划项目(GAUfx-04J01);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA867)资助。

摘　　要：探究绿洲灌区玉米产量、N_(2)O排放特征对绿肥还田条件下减量施氮的响应,以期为区域构建稳产减排的施氮制度提供理论依据。基于甘肃农业大学武威绿洲农业试验站开展的田间定位试验,设置绿肥还田条件下传统施氮量(N100)和绿肥还田条件下减量施氮10%、20%、30%和40%(即N90、N80、N70和N60)处理,分析各处理对玉米产量及N_(2)O排放特征的影响。结果表明,绿肥还田条件下,N100、N90和N80处理的玉米产量无显著差异,但均显著高于N70和N60处理。N_(2)O全球增温潜势(GWP)随着施氮量的降低而减小;N_(2)O排放强度(GHGI)以N80处理最低,较N100处理显著降低14.3%。在玉米生长阶段,N_(2)O排放通量峰值出现在施肥后,且随着施氮量的增加各处理峰值相应增加。与N100处理相比,N90、N80、N70和N60处理N_(2)O累积排放量显著降低;但N90和N80处理较N70处理分别提高18.0%和9.4%,较N60分别提高28.6%和19.3%(P<0.05)。玉米全生育期0~110 cm土壤平均NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量随着施肥量的减少而降低。其中N90、N80、N70和N60处理较N100处理平均NH_(4)^(+)-N含量分别降低6.4%、9.9%、15.3%和21.3%,差异显著;平均NO_(3)^(-)-N含量分别降低5.6%、11.5%、9.2%和24.5%,差异显著。相关性分析表明,施氮量、土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N含量、土壤NO_(3)^(-)-N含量和N_(2)O排放量两两之间均呈正相关,施氮量通过影响土壤NH_(4)^(+)-N和NO_(3)^(-)-N含量来影响农田N_(2)O排放,是影响农田N_(2)O排放的主要因素。因此,绿肥还田条件下减量施氮20%可作为干旱绿洲灌区发展稳产减排的合理氮肥管理制度。This study investigated the response of maize yield and N_(2)O emission characteristics to nitrogen reduction under green manure incorporation in an oasis irrigation area.The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for developing a nitrogen application system that ensures stable yields while reducing emissions in this region.A field experiment was conducted at the Wuwei Oasis Agricultural Experimental Station of Gansu Agricultural University.Treatments included the traditional nitrogen application rate(N100)combined with green manure,and nitrogen application rates reduced by 10%,20%,30%,and 40%(N90,N80,N70,and N60,respectively)under the same green manure conditions.The results showed no significant differences in maize yield among N100,N90,and N80,but their yields were significantly higher than those of N70 and N60.The global warming potential(GWP)of N_(2)O emissions decreased with the reduction in nitrogen application rates.Notably,the N_(2)O emission intensity(GHGI)was lowest under N80,which was 14.3%lower than that under N100.During the maize growth period,the peak N_(2)O emission flux occurred after fertilization,with peak values increasing as nitrogen application rates increased.Compared to N100,cumulative N_(2)O emissions under N90,N80,N70,and N60 were significantly reduced.However,cumulative emissions under N90 and N80 were 18.0%and 9.4%higher than those under N70,and 28.6%and 19.3%higher than those under N60,respectively(P<0.05).The average concentrations of NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N in the 0-110 cm soil layer decreased as nitrogen application rates were reduced during the maize growth period.Compared to N100,average NH_(4)^(+)-N concentrations under N90,N80,N70,and N60 decreased by 6.4%,9.9%,15.3%,and 21.3%,respectively,with significant differences.Similarly,average NO_(3)^(-)-N concentrations decreased by 5.6%,11.5%,9.2%,and 24.5%,respectively,with significant differences.Correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between nitrogen application rates,soil NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N concen

关 键 词：绿肥 减氮 产量 N_(2)O排放 铵态氮 硝态氮 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S513[农业科学—作物学]