分子印迹技术在牛奶中四环素类残留检测中的应用研究进展  

Research progress of molecular imprinting technique in detection of tetracyclines residues in milk

作　　者：商健 苏新科 乔帅 王杨阳 李建文 SHANG Jian;SU Xin-Ke;QIAO Shuai;WANG Yang-Yang;LI Jian-Wen(Weinan Inspection and Research Institute,Weinan 714000,China)

机构地区：[1]渭南市检验检测研究院,渭南714000

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2025年第4期215-223,共9页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：陕西省市场监督管理局科技计划项目(2022KY21)。

摘　　要：四环素类抗生素在畜牧业中广泛应用,其进入牛奶的主要途径为环境带入和奶牛直接摄取,而四环素类经食物链积累毒性,会威胁人类健康。分子印迹技术可定制与四环素类特异性结合的高分子网络聚合物,具有诸多优势,如选择性高、机械性能良好、成本低、耐高温和酸碱、可重复使用等,在牛奶中四环素类残留检测中发挥重要作用。分子印迹结合固相萃取技术能简化前处理过程、优化方法,有效解决牛奶基质复杂带来的分离纯化难题,具体包括固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散固相萃取、磁固相萃取等4种固相萃取与色谱联用技术;基于分子印迹技术的特异性识别能力与传感器(涵盖分子印迹电化学、荧光、光子晶体、等离子体共振、光电传感器这5类传感器)联用能提高选择性、稳定性及响应速度等,操作简单,尤其适用于现场快速筛查。本文分别介绍了上述技术和传感器在牛奶中四环素类残留检测的研究进展,分析讨论其应用效果,并指出未来分子印迹技术在该领域的努力方向,为后续研发及应用提供参考。Tetracycline antibiotics are widely used in animal husbandry,and their main ways of entering milk are through environmental exposure and direct ingestion by cows.Tetracyclines accumulate toxicity through the food chain and pose a threat to human health.Molecular imprinting technology can customize high molecular network polymers that specifically bind to tetracyclines,with many advantages such as high selectivity,good mechanical properties,low cost,high temperature and acid-base resistance,and reusability.It plays an important role in the detection of tetracycline residues in milk.The combination of molecular imprinting and solid-phase extraction technology can simplify the pretreatment process,optimize methods,and effectively solve the separation and purification problems caused by the complexity of milk matrix,including four solid-phase extraction and chromatography techniques:Solid-phase extraction,solid-phase microextraction,dispersed solid-phase extraction,magnetic solid-phase extraction,etc.The specific recognition ability based on molecular imprinting technology combined with sensors(including 5 types of sensors:Molecular imprinting electrochemistry,fluorescence,photonic crystal,plasma resonance,and photoelectric sensors)can improve selectivity,stability,and response speed.The operation is simple,especially suitable for rapid screening on site.This article introduced the research progress of the above-mentioned technologies and sensors in detecting tetracycline residues in milk,analyzed and discusses their application effects,and pointed out the future direction of molecular imprinting technology in this field,providing reference for subsequent research and application.

关 键 词：分子印迹技术 牛奶 四环素类 

分 类 号：TS252.7[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程] O631.3[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]