国家美学的构建:周朝“三礼”与中国美学  

Construction of National Aesthetics:The“Three Rites”of Zhou Dynasty and Chinese Aesthetics

作　　者：陈望衡[1] CHEN Wangheng(School of Philosophy,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Hunan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“中国审美意识通史”(11AZD053)。

摘　　要：先秦重要儒家学术典籍《仪礼》《周礼》《礼记》,后人号称“三礼”。三礼有一个中心,就是“礼”。三礼对礼的论述有一个根本点,就是强调礼立足于人情。礼不是用来治人的,而是用来养人的。养人不是统治好百姓,而是领导好百姓;不是让百姓受苦,而是让百姓幸福。养不只是让人民物质生活上不匮缺,还要让人民精神生活上丰富。精神生活有着丰富的审美文化内涵,充分体现出那个时期人民对审美的认识与追求,其涉及审美胸怀的“天下”观、“生态”观,涉及审美理想的“中和”观,涉及审美主题的“礼乐”观,涉及审美疆域的人生观。三礼文化蕴藏着儒家美学的基本内容,是中华美学的重要源泉。三礼中所说的礼制虽然已经消失,但三礼的精神仍然在中华民族精神文化中存在,其审美意识更是化为中华民族集体意识,延续至今。三礼是中华民族的国家意识形态,它的美学思想是中华民族的国家美学。The important Confucian academic classics in pre-Qin Dynasty-Rites of Ceremonies,Rites of Zhou Dynasty,and Book of Ritesare known as the“Three Rites”by later generations,which takes“rites”as the same center.There is a fundamental point in the discussion of“rites”in“Three Rites”,which emphasizes that“rites”are based on human feelings,and they are not used to rule people,but to nurture them.Nurturing people is not to rule the people well,but to lead them well;not to make the people suffer,but to make them happy.Nurturing is not just to make people’s material life rich,but also to enrich their spiritual life.Spiritual life is rich in aesthetic cultural connotation,which fully reflects the people’s understanding and pursuit of aesthetics in that period,and involves“outlooks on the world and ecology”of aesthetic mind,outlook on moderation of aesthetic ideal,“outlook on rites and music”of aesthetic theme and“outlook on life”of aesthetic territory.“Three Rites”culture contains the basic contents of Confucian aesthetics and is an important source of Chinese aesthetics.Although the ritual system mentioned in“Three Rites”has disappeared,the spirit of“Three Rites”still exists in the spiritual culture of the Chinese nation,and its aesthetic consciousness has turned into the collective consciousness of the Chinese nation,which continues to this day.“Three Rites”is the national ideology of the Chinese nation,and its aesthetic thought is the national aesthetics of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：“三礼”(《仪礼》《周礼》《礼记》) 儒家美学 “天下”观 “生态”观 “中和”观 “礼乐”观 人生观 

分 类 号：B83-0[哲学宗教—美学] K2[历史地理—历史学]