三江源植被覆盖变化驱动机制及生态脆弱性分析  

Driving mechanisms of vegetation change and ecological vulnerability in the Three-River Headwater Region

作　　者：李康宁 林伊琳 赵俊三[1,2,3] 王健 葛峰 LI Kangning;LIN Yilin;ZHAO Junsan;WANG Jian;GE Feng(Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Key Laboratory of Geospatial Information Integration Innovation for Smart Mines,Kunming 650093,Yunnan,China;Spatial Information Integration Technology of Natural Resources in Universities of Yunnan Province,Kunming 650211,Yunnan,China;China National Petroleum Corporation Jilin Oilfield Branch Yingtai Oil Production Plant Ground Station,Jilin 138000,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]智慧矿山地理空间信息集成创新重点实验室,云南昆明650093 [3]云南省高校自然资源空间信息集成与应用科技创新团队,云南昆明650211 [4]中国石油天然气股份有限公司吉林油田分公司英台采油厂地面所,吉林吉林138000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2025年第2期283-295,共13页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42301304);云南省基础研究计划项目(202201AU070112)资助。

摘　　要：探究三江源地区植被覆盖变化、驱动机制及生态脆弱性对其生态可持续发展具有重要意义。基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)、核归一化差异植被指数(kNDVI),采用Theil-Sen Median趋势分析、Mann-Kendall显著性检验法和地理探测器,探究植被覆盖时空变化及驱动机制,并运用“敏感恢复-压力”模型评价生态脆弱性。结果表明:(1)2001—2020年三江源地区植被NDVI和kNDVI均呈波动上升趋势,空间上,改善区域主要在东北部和西部,分别占73.70%和79.79%,退化区域主要在中部和南部,分别占23.23%和18.18%。(2)降水量、海拔和气温是主导因素,因子间交互作用为双因子增强或非线性增强,降水量在573~675 mm、海拔在3447~3850 m范围内更适宜植被生长。(3)生态脆弱性程度从东南部向西北部呈递增趋势,空间差异显著,该地区生态脆弱性较高,NDVI和kNDVI代表的重度、极度脆弱性区域分别占总面积的35.38%和36.85%。Investigating changes in vegetation cover,the driving mechanisms behind these changes,and the region’s ecological vulnerability in the Three-River Headwater Region(TRHR),Qinghai Province,China is essential for ensuring its ecological sustainability.Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI)and kernel normalized difference vegetation index(kNDVI)were used,along with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis,Mann-Kendall significance test,and geographic detectors to explore the spatiotemporal changes in vegetation cover and driving forces.The sensitivity-resilience-pressure(SRP)model was used to assess ecological vulnerability.The results revealed the following trends:(1)From 2001 to 2020,both NDVI and kNDVI in the TRHR showed a fluctuating upward trend.Spatially,areas of improvement were mainly in the northeast and west,covering 73.70%and 79.79%,respectively,while areas of decline were primarily in the central and southern regions,covering 23.23%and 18.18%,respectively.(2)Precipitation,elevation,and temperature were the dominant factors influencing vegetation cover,with interactions among these factors led to bifactor or nonlinear enhancement effects.Precipitation between 573-675 mm and elevations of 3447-3850 m were most favorable for vegetation growth.(3)Ecological vulnerability increased from the southeast to the northwest,showing significant spatial variation.The region exhibited high ecological vulnerability,with areas of severe and extreme vulnerability,as indicated by NDVI and kNDVI,covering 35.38%and 36.85%of the total area,respectively.

关 键 词：NDVI kNDVI 植被时空变化 生态脆弱性评价 地理探测器 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] Q948[生物学—植物学]