社区老年人多维衰弱研究进展  

Research on the Multidimensional Frailty in Community-dwelling Older Adults

作　　者：赵琳琳 罗琪 胡清华 陈小垒 杜娟 邵爽 ZHAO Linlin;LUO Qi;HU Qinghua;CHEN Xiaolei;DU Juan;SHAO Shuang(School of General Practice and Continuing Education,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100069,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学全科医学与继续教育学院,北京市100069

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2025年第10期1281-1288,共8页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：北京市高层次公共卫生技术人才建设项目(学术骨干-03-26);北京市教育委员会科研计划项目(SZ202110025009)。

摘　　要：衰弱已从强调以躯体衰弱为主的单一维度,发展为涵盖躯体衰弱、心理衰弱、社会衰弱等的多维度概念。围绕社区老年人开展多维衰弱的研究是解决目前居家养老服务碎片化难题,提升老年人全面健康的重要途径。本文通过梳理多维衰弱概念的演进历程,分类阐述可应用于社区老年人的多维衰弱评估工具,分析社区老年人多维衰弱的影响因素以及衰弱各维度间的相互作用,评估社区老年人多维衰弱对健康结局的预测价值。现有证据表明,多维衰弱是生理、心理、社会等多种因素共同作用的结果,评估社区老年人多维衰弱可预测残疾、疾病风险、死亡等多种健康结局,且衰弱不同维度间相互关联、相互影响,但目前尚无社区老年人多维衰弱的统一评价工具,其潜在发生发展机制也未明确,后续研究可基于大型前瞻性队列研究探究多维衰弱的发生发展轨迹,以便于制定干预策略,为逆转或延缓社区老年人的衰弱进程提供有效参考依据。The concept landscape of frailty has evolved from a single dimension which emphasising predominantly physical frailty into a multidimensional concept encompassing physical,psychological and social frailty.Conducting researches on multidimensional frailty armong community-dwelling older adults is an important way to address the current fragmentation of community-based elderly care services and enhance the comprehensive health of this population.In this paper,firstly,we review the evolution of the concept of multidimensional frailty;secondly,classify and describe the multidi.mensional frailty assessment tools that can be applied to community-dwelling older adults;thirdly,analysis the influencing factors of multidimensional frailty in community-dwelling older adults as well as the interactions between the dimensions of frailty,finally,assess the predictive value of multidimensional frailty in community-dwelling older adults in relation to health outcomes.Existing evidences suggest that the multidimensional frailty is found to be the result of a combination of physiological,psychological,and social factors,and that assessing multidimensional frailty in community-dwelling older adults can predict a variety of health outcomes such as disability,disease risk,and mortality,and that the different dimensions of frailty are correlated and interact with each others.However,there is no a standardized tool for evaluating multidimensional frailty in the community-dwelling older adults,and the underlying mechanisms of its occurrence and development have not been clarified.So,the follow-up studies could explore the developmental trajectory of multidimensional debility based on large prospective cohort studies,in order to provide a referable basis for the development of intervention strategies to reverse or delay the frail process in community-dwelling older adults.

关 键 词：衰弱 老年人 评估工具 社区人群 多维衰弱 影响因素分析 综述 

分 类 号：R364[医药卫生—病理学]