中国不同生态区关键气候变量的时空分异与演变趋势  

Spatiotemporal differentiation and evolution trend of critical climatic variables in different ecological regions of China

作　　者：钟湧 高磊[2] 彭新华 张帅普 甘磊 ZHONG Yong;GAO Lei;PENG Xinhua;ZHANG Shuaipu;GAN Lei(Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Pollution Control and Water Safety in Karst Area,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 211135,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control,Guilin 541006,Guangxi,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]广西岩溶地区水污染控制与用水安全保障协同创新中心,广西桂林541006 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,南京211135 [3]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,广西桂林541006 [4]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2025年第1期249-258,共10页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA0440202);国家自然科学基金项目(42077012,42477323);井冈山农高区省级“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051261)资助。

摘　　要：在全球变化加剧背景下,气候的演变趋势备受关注,但关键气候变量在我国不同生态区的时间演变趋势缺乏深入分析。本研究基于1961—2021年中国大陆1525个站点的气象资料,利用Theil-Sen斜率法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验法和空间分析等方法,明确了中国4个生态区(东北部湿润半湿润生态大区Ⅰ、南部湿润生态大区Ⅱ、北部干旱半干旱生态大区Ⅲ和青藏高原生态大区Ⅳ)的关键气候变量的时空特征及演变趋势。结果表明:气候变量在4个分区的空间异质性强于其时间上的异质性,前者多表现为中等变异,后者主要表现为弱变异;除相对湿度外,其余气候变量(降水量、空气温度、饱和水汽压差、地表净辐射和潜在蒸散发)的年内变化均表现为单峰曲线,峰值一般出现在5—8月,7月出现峰值的概率最高;1961—2021年,气候变量的时间演变趋势在不同区域之间差异显著,降水量在4个区均呈增加趋势,仅Ⅳ区显著增加(0.62 mm·a^(-1)),空气温度在4个区均显著升高,年升温0.02(Ⅱ区)~0.03℃(Ⅰ、Ⅲ和Ⅳ区),相对湿度显著下降0.03%·a^(-1)(Ⅰ和Ⅳ区)~0.05%·a^(-1)(Ⅲ区),饱和水汽压差显著增加0.5(Ⅰ区)~0.8 Pa·a^(-1)(Ⅲ区),地表净辐射显著下降2.1(Ⅳ区)~4.4 MJ·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(Ⅰ区),潜在蒸散发在Ⅰ区显著下降0.99 mm·a^(-1),Ⅳ区显著增加0.40 mm·a^(-1)。基于空气温度和相对湿度,我国气候呈现暖干化趋势,而从空气温度和降水量的变化看,我国气候整体呈现暖湿化趋势,特别是Ⅳ区。Under the background of intensifying global changes,the evolution of climate trends has received signi⁃ficant attention.Few studies have conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the temporal dynamics of essential cli⁃mate parameters across diverse ecological zones in China.Based on the data from 1525 stations spanning China’s mainland between 1961 and 2021,we employed the Theil⁃Sen slope method,Mann⁃Kendall trend test,and spatial analysis methodologies to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns and trends of critical climate parameters within four ecological regions:the northeast humid and semi⁃humid ecological region(Ⅰ),the southern humid ecological re⁃gion(Ⅱ),the northern arid and semi⁃arid ecological region(Ⅲ),and the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau ecological re⁃gion(Ⅳ).The findings revealed that the spatial heterogeneity of climate variables across the four regions was more pronounced than their temporal variability,with the former exhibiting moderate to strong variability and the latter predominantly showing weak variability.Except for relative humidity,the intra⁃annual variations of other climate variables(precipitation,air temperature,vapor pressure deficit,net surface radiation,and potential evapotranspi⁃ration)all follow unimodal curves,with peaks typically occurring between May and August.The highest probability of peak occurred in July.From 1961 to 2021,temporal trends in climate variables showed significant differences among different regions.Precipitation increased in all four regions,but was only significant in RegionⅣ(0.62 mm·a^(-1)).Air temperature significantly increased in all regions,with annual rises ranging from 0.02(RegionⅡ)to 0.03℃(RegionsⅠ,Ⅲ,andⅣ).Relative humidity significantly declined by 0.03%·a^(-1)(RegionsⅠandⅣ)to 0.05%·a^(-1)(RegionⅢ).The vapor pressure deficit increased by 0.5(RegionⅠ)to 0.8 Pa·a^(-1)(RegionⅢ).The net radiation significantly decreased by 2.1(RegionⅣ)to 4.4 MJ·m^(-2)·a^(-1)(RegionⅠ).Annual po⁃tential evapotranspirat

关 键 词：气候变化 气象因子 时空分异 趋势分析 生态类型区 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X16[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P467