数字政府建设有助于促进劳动就业吗?——来自中国上市公司的证据  

Does the Construction of Digital Government Facilitate the Promotion of Labor Employment?Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

作　　者：陈东[1] 刘威 Chen Dong;Liu Wei

机构地区：[1]山东大学经济学院,山东省济南市250100

出　　处：《南方经济》2025年第2期26-46,共21页South China Journal of Economics

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“人工智能对企业间工资差距的影响机理与对策研究”(项目编号:21BJY097);山东省重点研发计划(软科学)重大项目“山东省数字服务创新与数字政府建设研究”(项目编号:2024RZA0801);山东大学人文社科重大项目“大数据背景下健康老龄化中国方案的难点突破研究”(项目编号:19RWZD03)资助。

摘　　要：在当前“稳就业”的重大现实需求下,数字政府建设有望成为实现稳定就业目标的新思路。文章在使用投入产出表测算数字政府建设水平的基础上,采用2007—2020年中国上市公司数据,深入考察了数字政府建设对企业劳动就业的影响及其作用机制,并进一步讨论数字政府建设对劳动资源配置效率的影响。研究结果表明,数字政府建设能够显著增加企业的劳动就业数量,该结论在经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立,且这一影响在私有企业、缺乏政治关联的企业、成长期企业和劳动密集型企业中更加明显;数字政府建设不仅能通过削减非生产性支出、缓解融资约束和降低经济不确定性扩大企业的生产投资和劳动需求,还能通过拓展业务范围发挥岗位创造效应,共同增加企业就业数量;数字政府建设还有助于缓解企业的雇佣不足,提高企业内的劳动资源配置效率,并通过增强市场竞争优化企业间的劳动要素分配。文章评估数字政府建设的就业效应,对强化政府数字化建设、实现“稳就业”政策目标具有重要的现实意义。The employment situation in China remains quite severe due to both domestic and international environmental influences.On one hand,market demand contraction is leading to operational difficulties for enterprises and insufficient labor demand.On the other hand,the continuous increase in the number of college graduates highlights the problem of“youth employment difficulty”.Strong government governance capability is key to promoting employment stability.Given the increasingly important role of digital technology in enhancing government governance capabilities,the construction of digital government is expected to become a new approach to achieving the goal of stable employment.Based on the use of input-output tables to measure the level of digital government construction,this paper employs data from Chinese listed companies from 2007 to 2020 to thoroughly examine the impact of digital government construction on corporate labor employment and its mechanisms of action.Furthermore,it discusses the effect of digital government construction on the efficiency of labor resource allocation.The results show that digital government construction can significantly increase the number of labor employment in enterprises.This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests,including endogenous test,replacing core variables,considering sample selection bias,and excluding concurrent policy interference.Additionally,the employment promotion effect of digital government is more prominent in private enterprises,enterprises lacking political connections,growth-stage enterprises,and labor-intensive enterprises.Digital government construction can increase corporate production investment and labor demand by reducing non-productive expenditures,alleviating financing constraints,and lowering economic uncertainty,as well as by expanding business scope,which collectively enhance job creation and increase enterprise employment numbers.Efficient allocation of labor resources is also crucial for employment stability.Digital governm

关 键 词：数字政府 市场环境 就业数量 劳动资源配置效率 

分 类 号：F241[经济管理—劳动经济]