轻罪治理中前科消灭规则建构的理论溯源和发展路径  

Theoretical Origins and Development Path of the Construction of Rules for Eliminating Criminal Records in the Governance of Minor Crimes

作　　者：王译 骆祺 Wang Yi;Luo Qi(Xiangtan University,Xiangtan,411105,Hunan;Hunan Provincial People's Procuratorate,Xiangtan,411105,Hunan)

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学,湖南湘潭411105 [2]湖南省人民检察院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《湖南警察学院学报》2024年第6期69-77,共9页Journal of Hunan Police Academy

基　　金：2023年度湖南省教育厅党的二十大精神研究专项“在法治轨道上全面建设社会主义现代化国家研究”(23B1142)。

摘　　要：刑事立法、犯罪结构的轻罪化与认罪认罚从宽制度在刑事诉讼程序中的高适用率,宣告着我国轻罪时代已经到来。由此催生出数量庞大的轻罪群体,从而迫切需要相配套的涉轻罪成年人前科消灭制度。理论上,消灭涉轻罪成年人之前科是对轻罪时代的回应、对基本原则的坚持以及对犯罪人再社会化的助力。未来,发展涉轻罪成年人之前科消灭制度可以从避免轻罪重罪“一刀切”、防止刑罚与前科制裁轻重“倒挂”、助力轻罪犯罪人再社会化方面展开。具体规则建构方面,宜采取广义的“前科”概念立场,将“轻罪”界定为法定最高刑为3年有期徒刑以下的犯罪;前科消灭的效力应涵盖刑事领域与非刑事领域;可以参考社区矫正制度,具体规定前科消灭的方式与程序。The high application rate of the leniency system for pleading guilty and accepting punishment,coupled with the trend of decriminalization in criminal legislation and criminal structures,declares the arrival of the era of minor crimes in China.This has given rise to a substantial group of individuals involved in minor crimes,and there is an urgent need for a corresponding system to eliminate criminal records for adults involved in such crimes.In theory,eliminating the criminal records of adults involved in minor crimes is a response to the era of minor crimes,adherence to fundamental principles,and support for the re-socialization of offenders.In the future,the development of a criminal record elimination system for adults involved in minor crimes can be carried out by avoiding a blanket approach that treats minor and serious crimes alike,preventing the situation where penalties are lighter than those for criminal record sanctions,and facilitating the re-socialization of minor offenders.In terms of constructing specific rules,it is advisable to adopt a broad concept of"criminal record"and define"minor crime"as a crime with a maximum statutory sentence of less than three years of imprisonment.The effectiveness of eliminating criminal records should cover both criminal and non-criminal fields.One can refer to the community correction system to specify the methods and procedures for eliminating criminal records.

关 键 词：轻罪时代 前科 前科消灭 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]