阜阳市集中式地下水饮用水源地水化学特征及成因分析  

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Origin of Centralized Groundwater Drinking Water Source in Fuyang City

作　　者：苏贵芬 刘桂建[2] 刘玥[3] 林深 SU Gui-fen;LIU Gui-jian;LIU Yue;LIN Shen(Geological Environment Monitoring Station of Anhui Province,Hefei 230001,China;University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230026,China;Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;The First Institute of Hydrology and Engineering Geological Prospecting Anhui Geological Prospecting Bureau,Bengbu 233000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省地质环境监测总站,合肥230001 [2]中国科学技术大学,合肥230026 [3]中国环境科学研究院,北京100012 [4]安徽省地勘局第一水文工程地质勘查院,蚌埠233000

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期796-808,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水污染防治资金库项目(2021BFAFN0200)。

摘　　要：地下水是阜阳市重要饮用水源,其水化学特征关系到居民饮水健康安全.为研究阜阳地区集中式地下水饮用水源地的水化学特征及成因机制,采集了阜阳市地下饮用水源地地下水样84组,运用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、相关性分析、离子比例系数和因子分析等方法,揭示了该区地下水水化学特征、水化学组分形成机制及控制因素.结果表明,阜阳市集中式地下水饮用水源地水体为中性偏碱性水、高矿化度水,水化学类型为HCO_(3)-Na型;地下水离子特征受“岩石风化”和“蒸发作用”双重影响,其中“岩石风化”更为明显,地下水离子组成会受到外因作用发生改变;地下水中Na^(+)-Cl^(-)、F^(-)-B^(3+)、Ca^(2+)-Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)-Cl^(-)和Na^(+)-SO_(4)^(2-)离子来源相同,Ca^(2+)-Na^(+)、Ca^(2+)-HCO_(3)^(-)和Mg^(2+)-HCO_(3)^(-)的离子来源不同,Ca^(2+)-SO_(4)^(2-)呈弱相关,不能大量共存;地下水组分主要受到含水层岩石矿物溶滤作用、阳离子交替吸附作用,地下水中Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)主要来源于方解石的溶解,Na^(+)来源于钠长石等含钠矿物岩石的风化溶解,含钠矿物的Na^(+)与地下水中的Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)发生交换反应,使Na^(+)浓度增加并在地下水中富集,而Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)浓度降低;地下水超采、工农业生产以及生活污水等会对地下水质量造成影响.Groundwater quality is impacted by the exploitation of residential sewage and industrial and agricultural activities.Groundwater is an important source of drinking water in Fuyang City.In this study,to investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and formation mechanism of the centralized drinking water source in the Fuyang area,a total of 84 sets of groundwater samples were collected.Different techniques,such as the Piper three-line diagram,Gibbs map,correlation analysis,ion proportional coefficient,and factor analysis,were used to reveal the groundwater chemical characteristics,mechanisms of hydrochemical components,and control factors.The findings showed that the ion sources of Ca~(2+)-SO_4~(2-)were weakly correlated and could not coexist in large quantities.Ion sources of groundwater such as Na~+-Cl~-,F~--B~(3+),Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+),SO_4~(2-)-Cl~-,and Na~+-SO_4~(2-)were the same,while the ion sources of Ca~(2+)-Na~(2+),Ca~(2+)-HCO_3~-,and Mg~(2+)-HCO_3~-were different.The results showed that the water body of the concentrated groundwater source in Fuyang City included neutral,alkaline,high salinity,and hydrochemical types(HCO_3-Na).The groundwater components are mainly affected by the leaching of aquifer rocks and minerals,and the alternating adsorption of cations.Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in groundwater mainly come from the dissolution of calcite.Na~+ of sodium-containing minerals exchanged with Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) in groundwater.The ionic characteristics of groundwater were affected by rock weathering and evaporation.Moreover,rock weathering was more obvious,and external factors changed the ionic composition of groundwater.Thus,the concentration of Na+ increased and accumulated in groundwater,while the concentration of Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) decreased.Hence,hydrochemical characteristics were related to residents' drinking water health and safety.

关 键 词：集中式地下水饮用水源地 水化学特征 水化学形成作用 成因机制 控制因素 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]