长江下游城市湖泊水生生物群落结构与水质生物评价:以芜湖市3个城市湖泊为例  

Aquatic Community Structure and Biological Assessment of Water Quality in Urban Lakes of the Yangtze River Downstream:A Case Study of Three Lakes in Wuhu City

作　　者：徐冰倩 葛芳杰[1] 郭瑶 陈迪松 陈若男 邹恒 周伯柱 张丽萍[1] 吴振斌[1] 周巧红[1] XU Bing-qian;GE Fang-jie;GUO Yao;CHEN Di-song;CHEN Ruo-nan;ZOU Heng;ZHOU Bo-zhu;ZHANG Li-ping;WU Zhen-bin;ZHOU Qiao-hong(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Environmental Studies,China University of Geosciences(Wuhan),Wuhan 430074,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Big Data in Science and Technology,National Science Library(Wuhan),Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院,武汉430074 [4]科技大数据湖北省重点实验室,中国科学院武汉文献情报中心,武汉430071

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期864-876,共13页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA23040401);科技大数据湖北省重点实验室开放课题项目(E3KF291001)。

摘　　要：长江下游拥有众多的城市湖泊,对维护生态系统功能稳定具有重要作用,但由于人类活动复杂性容易造成原因不明的富营养化现象,因此亟待对长江下游城市湖泊进行水生态评估以追因并控制富营养化.于2023年5月对长江下游典型城市湖泊(芜湖市蜻蜓湖、凤鸣湖和银湖)开展水生态现状调查,重点关注富营养化状态下,水生生物群落结构多样性及其与湖泊水体环境的关系.结果发现,三湖共检出浮游动物61种,浮游植物69种,底栖动物15种;其中,蜻蜓湖的浮游动物和浮游植物物种数均为三湖最高,其浮游植物物种数显著高出凤鸣湖17.65%和银湖22.06%(P<0.05),银湖的底栖动物生物量最高[(149.39±10.97)g·m^(-2)],显著高出蜻蜓湖97.46%和凤鸣湖97.64%(P<0.01).调查中发现,优势度较高的浮游生物包括假鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.)、平裂藻(Merismopedia sp.)、广布多肢轮虫(Polyarthra vulgaris)、微型裸腹溞(Moina micrura)和侠盗虫(Strobilidium sp.)等,底栖动物主要为水丝蚯属(Limnodrilus sp.)和长足摇蚊属(Tanypus sp.).水质氮磷、沉积物氮磷、水深、盐度、pH值、氧化还原电位和溶解氧等是导致浮游动物、浮游植物和底栖动物优势种在湖泊之间出现差异的重要环境因子,总影响力分别为70.70%、76.69%和70.32%(冗余分析).通过计算水质理化因子、综合营养状态指数及生物指数,表明蜻蜓湖和凤鸣湖属于富营养型湖泊,银湖属于中营养型湖泊.The Yangtze River constitutes a crucial aquatic system in China,and lakes downstream play a significant role in the stability of ecosystem functions.However,human activities have caused the lakes to suffer from eutrophication.Moreover,it is important to investigate the aquatic ecosystems of Qingting Lake,Fengming Lake,and Yin Lake in Wuhu City,Anhui Province,China,for tracing and controlling eutrophication.We focused on the differences in aquatic communities and their relationships with environmental variables.A total of 61 species of zooplankton,69 species of phytoplankton,and 15 species of benthos were detected in the three lakes.Dragonfly Lake had the highest number of zooplankton and phytoplankton species;the number of phytoplankton species was 17.65% and 22.06%,significantly higher than those of Fengming Lake and Silver Lake,respectively(P<0.05).Inconsistently,the benthic biomass was 97.46% and 97.64% significantly higher in Silver Lake [(149.39±10.97) g·m~(-2)] compared with those in Dragonfly Lake and Fengming Lake(P<0.01).The zooplankton with high dominance included Pseudoanabaena sp.,Merismopedia sp.,Polyarthra vulgaris,Moina micrura,and Strobilidium sp.,and those in benthos were Limnodrilus sp.and Tanypus sp.Water nitrogen and phosphorus,sediment nitrogen and phosphorus,water depth,salinity,pH,oxidation-reduction potential,and dissolved oxygen were the important environmental factors leading to differences in dominant species of zooplankton,phytoplankton,and benthos among the lakes,with a total influence of 70.70%,76.69%,and 70.32%,respectively(redundancy analysis).Finally,the results indicated that Dragonfly Lake and Fengming Lake were both characterized as eutrophic,but Silver Lake was mesotrophic when we calculated water parameters,integrated trophic state index,and biological index together.

关 键 词：水生生物 水质 城市湖泊 环境因子 富营养化 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]