土壤中生物降解塑料的降解过程及其对土壤动物的影响  

Degradation Processes of Biodegradable Plastics in Soil and Their Effects on Soil Animals

作　　者：张莉娟 陈洁 敖瑞雪 赵秀兰[1,2] ZHANG Li-juan;CHEN Jie;AO Rui-xue;ZHAO Xiu-lan(College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Research,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400715 [2]重庆市农业资源与环境研究重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期1145-1154,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：农业农村部农业生态资源与环境保护项目(A120201)。

摘　　要：生物降解塑料被认为是替代传统塑料,解决塑料残留污染的有效途径之一,但其降解性能及其对生态系统的影响受到广泛关注.生物降解塑料主要由生物降解聚合物构成,同时添加了少量添加剂以满足所需的物理、化学性能或使用功能.土壤中生物降解塑料的生物降解过程经历了生物退化、聚合物解聚及生物同化和矿化这3个阶段,并受多种因素的影响.其中,生物降解塑料的性质是影响降解的决定性因素,土壤中的生物或非生物因素也会干扰降解过程.生物降解塑料在降解过程中会释放出大量的微塑料、添加剂、低聚物和单体等到土壤环境中,以上残留物易被土壤动物摄入,从而对土壤动物的生长、繁殖和行为等产生一系列毒理学影响.此外,生物降解微塑料还可以与其他污染物相互作用,对土壤动物产生联合毒性.最后对未来重点研究的方向进行了展望.Biodegradable plastics are increasingly recognized as a viable alternative to conventional plastics,offering a potential solution to persistent plastic pollution.However,the efficiency of their biodegradation and the subsequent ecological impacts have garnered significant attention.These biodegradable plastics primarily consist of biodegradable polymers with minor quantities of additives such as plasticizers,dyes,photo-stabilizers,etc.,to obtain greater performances and some specific physicochemical properties or functionalities.The degradation of biodegradable plastics in soil consists of three phases:biodeterioration,bio-depolymerization,and bioassimilation coupled with mineralization.These processes are decisively influenced by the properties of the biodegradable plastics,while they can face interference from the biotic and abiotic factors of the soils.During degradation,substantial quantities of microplastics,additives,oligomers,and monomers are released into the soils,which can easily be ingested by soil animals and consequently pose more serious negative effects on the behavior,growth,and reproduction of soil animals.Furthermore,biodegradable microplastics can act as carriers of soil pollutants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants,resulting in soil combined contaminations and inducing more serious detrimental effects on soil organisms.Finally,the prospects for further studies in this field are put forward.

关 键 词：生物降解塑料 生物降解 微塑料(MPs) 土壤动物 毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X503.22