黄柏河表层水、沉积物和大型底栖动物微塑料赋存特征及其影响因素  

Occurrence Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Surface Water,Sediments,and Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Huangbai River

作　　者：方子杰 李卫明[1,2] 严康 肖鸣 李映成[1,2] 丁爽 王芳炜 高雅坤 刘晓伟[1,2] 李鸿 FANG Zi-jie;LI Wei-ming;YAN Kang;XIAO Ming;LI Ying-cheng;DING Shuang;WANG Fang-wei;GAO Ya-kun;LIU Xiao-wei;LI Hong(College of Hydraulic and Environment Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Ecological Environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Area,Ministry of Education,Yichang 443002,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,宜昌443002 [2]三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,宜昌443002

出　　处：《环境科学》2025年第2期1181-1192,共12页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3203902,2022YFC3203905);国家自然科学基金项目(51979149)。

摘　　要：微塑料作为一种新兴污染物对河流生态系统构成了严重威胁.以黄柏河为研究区域,于2023年4月和7月通过现场采样、室内实验和统计分析等方法探明了黄柏河研究区域表层水、沉积物和大型底栖动物微塑料污染情况.结果表明,研究区域表层水微塑料平均丰度为(7.33±4.66)n·L^(-1),以纤维状、黑色和尺寸100~1 000μm微塑料为主,表层水夏季微塑料平均丰度高于春季;沉积物微塑料平均丰度(以dw计)为(1.47±0.65)n·g^(-1),以纤维和碎片状、黑色和彩色、尺寸100~1 000μm微塑料为主;大型底栖动物体内微塑料和以质量计的平均丰度分别为:(1.99±1.25)n·ind^(-1)和(20.45±20.57)n·g^(-1)(春季),(1.93±1.38)n·ind^(-1)和(24.93±32.1)n·g^(-1)(夏季);以纤维状,黑色、彩色和尺寸小于500μm微塑料为主;生物体内微塑料特征与其所处环境间具有显著相关性.通过冗余分析(RDA)发现,滤食者体内微塑料丰度在春季和夏季均与表层水微塑料丰度呈正相关;撕食者微塑料丰度在春季与流速呈正相关、在夏季与沉积物微塑料丰度呈正相关;春季中捕食者微塑料丰度与水温呈负相关,刮食者微塑料丰度与水深呈正相关.总体而言,黄柏河表层水、沉积物和大型底栖动物中普遍存在微塑料污染问题,并且大型底栖动物摄入微塑料受到多种因素的影响,包括其摄食习性以及环境因素.Microplastics are emerging as a novel environmental contaminant and pose a substantial threat to riverine ecosystems.This research focused on the Huangbai River,employing field sampling,laboratory experiments,and statistical analyses during April and July 2023.The objective of this study was to clarify the magnitude of microplastic contamination in surface water,sediment,and the benthic macroinvertebrate community.The findings indicated that the average abundance of microplastics in surface water was(7.33±4.66) n·L~(-1),primarily consisting of fibrous and dark-colored particles with sizes ranging from 100 to 1 000 μm.In surface water,the prevalence of microplastics during the summer exceeded that observed in the spring season.The microplastics within the sediment exhibited an average abundance of(1.47±0.65) n·g~(-1),primarily constituted by fiber and fragment-shaped particles,both black and colored,with sizes ranging from 100 to 1 000 μm.Benthic macroinvertebrates demonstrated an average microplastic abundance of(1.99±1.25) n·ind~(-1) and(20.45±20.57) n·g~(-1) in spring and(1.93±1.38) n·ind~(-1) and(24.93±32.1) n·g~(-1) in summer,respectively,featuring predominantly fiber-shaped particles,encompassing both black and colored particles,with sizes below 500 μm.A significant correlation was discerned between the characteristics of microplastics within organisms and their ambient environment.Redundancy analysis(RA) revealed a positive correlation between the abundance of microplastics in filter-feeding organisms and the concurrent presence of microplastics in the water during both spring and summer.In the case of shredders,microplastic abundance exhibited a positive correlation with flow velocity in spring and manifested a positive association with sedimentary microplastic abundance in summer.In spring,the abundance of microplastics in predators exhibited a negative correlation with water temperature,while in scrapers,microplastic abundance correlated positively with water depth.In conclusion,this study

关 键 词：微塑料(MPs) 大型底栖动物 功能摄食类群 赋存特征 季节性差异 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]