理解高等教育市场化态度与实践的差异——基于思想实验达成的反思平衡  

Understanding the Discrepancies between Attitudes and Practices towards the Marketization of Higher Education

作　　者：郑润廷 徐艳茹 刘继安 Zheng Runting;Xu Yanru;Liu Ji'an

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院,北京100190

出　　处：《江苏高教》2025年第2期13-21,共9页Jiangsu Higher Education

基　　金：中国高等教育学会2024年度高等教育科学研究规划课题“高校有组织科研创新体制机制研究”。

摘　　要：在不同的国家中,社会对于高等教育市场化的态度以及高等教育市场化的实践存在差异。现有研究指出,这些差异既受到高等教育基本属性的影响,也受到社会态度影响,还受到政府、市场主体行为的影响。文章借助思想实验的研究方法,分析了高等教育的基本属性,得出高等教育需要坚守的三条基本原则。在此基础上,文章选取中国高等教育市场化极具张力的转型历程为分析对象,提出“期望”“韧性”是影响人们对高等教育市场化态度的因素,“政府”“市场”“社会”是影响高等教育市场化实践的因素。并进一步构建解释框架,用于说明关于高等教育市场化态度与实践的差异缘由。基于此,文章对高等教育的三条基本原则进行了扩展,形成了三条推论,以期为高等教育市场化的进一步发展提供参考。Worldwide,there exist discrepancies in societal attitudes and practices towards the marketization of higher education.Existing research indicates that these discrepancies are influenced not only by the fundamental attributes of higher education but also by societal attitudes,as well as the behaviors of governments and market entities.This paper,through thought experiments,analyzes the basic attributes of higher education,and then derives three fundamental principles that higher education needs to uphold.This is achieved through drawing on the marketization in China's higher education as the specific analytical case,given its highly tense transformation process.From here,this paper proposes that"expectations"and"resilience"are factors influencing people's attitudes towards the marketization of higher education,while"government","market",and"society"are factors influencing the practices of marketization of higher education.It further constructs an explanatory framework to illustrate the reasons for the global discrepancies between attitudes and practices towards the marketization of higher education.Based on this,the paper extends the three fundamental principles of higher education into three inferences,aiming to provide references for the further development of the marketization of higher education.

关 键 词：高等教育 教育市场 教育公平 思想实验 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]