先导方式对比例阀振荡特性的影响机理  

Influence Mechanism of Pilot Mode on the Oscillation Characteristics of Proportional Valve

作　　者：李娜娜[1,2] 何小康 魏列江[1,2] 万思毅 张海东 董成龙 LI Nana;HE Xiaokang;WEI Liejiang;WAN Siyi;ZHANG Haidong;DONG Chenglong(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050;Key Laboratory of Advanced Pumps,Valves and Fluid Control System of the Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou,Gansu 730050)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]兰州理工大学特种泵阀及流控系统教育部重点实验室,甘肃兰州730050

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第2期36-49,共14页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51905243);国家重点研发计划(2022YFB3403003)。

摘　　要：比例阀不同先导级控制方式会引起主阀控制腔产生不同程度的空穴和涡流,导致主阀芯具有不同的振荡现象。采用CFD流场仿真技术与可视化试验相结合的方法,研究了高速开关阀桥与比例减压阀分别作为比例阀先导级时其控制腔的流场特性,通过流场特性及旋涡结构分析了先导方式对主阀振荡特性的影响机理,提出了优化控制腔流场的方法,即在几何拐角处倒角和提高壁面流畅度。结果表明:控制腔旋涡的生成与消散与阀芯振荡密切相关;高速开关阀桥作为先导级时,流场波动大、涡流结构复杂,旋涡的周期性变化是主阀振荡加剧的主要原因;而比例减压阀作为先导级时,流场相对稳定、压力分布均匀,涡流仅在几何拐角处形成简单的剪切流动,压力差与流速的互补有助于减少主阀振荡。为优化控制腔结构、抑制振荡现象提供了理论依据。Different pilot control strategies for proportional valves induce varying extents of cavitation and vortex phenomena within the main valve control cavity,culminating in distinct oscillatory behaviors of the main spool.This study integrates CFD flow field simulations with visualization experiments to explore the flow characteristics of the control cavity when employing either a high-speed on-off valve bridge or a proportional pressure-reducing valve as the pilot stage.The influence mechanism of the pilot approach on main valve oscillations is elucidated by analyzing the flow field characteristics and vortex structures.A method to optimize the control cavity flow field is proposed,namely,chamfering the geometric corners and improving the wall smoothness.The results reveal that vortex generation and dissipation within the control cavity are intimately linked to spool oscillations.When the high-speed on-off valve bridge is utilized as the pilot,the flow field demonstrates significant fluctuations,intricate vortex structures,and periodic vortex variations,all contributing to pronounced main valve oscillations.Conversely,employing the proportional pressure-reducing valve as the pilot yields a more stable flow field,with uniform pressure distribution and simple vortices confined to geometric corners,where the interplay between pressure differentials and flow velocity further mitigates spool oscillations.This study offers a theoretical foundation for optimizing control cavity design and mitigating oscillations.

关 键 词：比例阀 动网格 流场特性 振荡特性 可视化试验 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]