惯容悬架阻尼比解析匹配方法及实验应用  

Analytical Matching Method and Experimental Application of Inertial Suspension Damping Ratio

作　　者：李航 赵雷雷[1] 张浩 于曰伟 王松 刘秀清[1] LI Hang;ZHAO Leilei;ZHANG Hao;YU Yuewei;WANG Song;LIU Xiuqing(School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,Shandong 255049;School of Modern Post(School of Automation),Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学交通与车辆工程学院,山东淄博255049 [2]北京邮电大学现代邮政学院(自动化学院),北京100876

出　　处：《液压与气动》2025年第2期69-78,共10页Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics

基　　金：山东省优质专业学位教学案例库建设项目(SDYAL2023113);山东理工大学研究生教育质量提升计划项目(222069);2024年度山东理工大学本科教学研究与改革项目-实验教学研究项目(202423)。

摘　　要：汽车惯容悬架系统中液压减振器的选型、匹配及实验数据分析缺乏高效且实用的阻尼比解析匹配方法,为此提出一种基于黄金分割法的惯容悬架系统最佳阻尼比解析匹配方法。首先,基于汽车惯容悬架系统的动力学模型,结合随机振动理论,推导出车身垂向振动加速度、车轮动载及悬架动挠度均方根响应的解析表达式;其次,分别从汽车安全性与舒适性角度出发,推导出惯容悬架系统阻尼比解析式,进而利用黄金分割法,提出了惯容悬架系统最佳阻尼比的解析匹配方法;最后,通过实例设计与数值优化对比验证其有效性。结果表明,该方法与数值优化结果的相对偏差小于5%,展现出较高的准确性和实用性。与传统方法相比,该解析方法给出了简洁、实用的解析表达式,直观展现了车辆参数与悬架最佳阻尼比的对应关系,避免了数值计算的复杂性,不仅能便于工程技术人员使用,且可有效服务于实验实训。Facing the shortage of efficient and practical damping ratio analytical matching methods in the selection,matching,and experimental data analysis of hydraulic shock absorbers in automotive inertial suspension systems,a golden-section-based analytical matching method for the optimal damping ratio of such systems is proposed.Firstly,based on the dynamical model of the automotive inertial suspension system and random vibration theory,the analytical expressions of the vehicle body's vertical vibration acceleration,wheel dynamic load,and the root mean square responses of suspension dynamic deflection are derived.Secondly,considering safety and comfort of vehicle,the damping ratio formulas are deduced.Then,the golden-section-based method is used to develop the matching method.Finally,its effectiveness is verified by comparing example design with numerical optimization.The results indicate that the relative deviation between this method and the numerical optimization results is less than 5%,demonstrating high accuracy and practicality.This method offers simple and practical formulas,clarifying the relationship between vehicle parameters and the optimal damping ratio,avoiding numerical complexity for easy engineering use and experimental and training.

关 键 词：惯容悬架 液压减振器 液压阻尼 解析匹配 实验实训 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U463.33[机械工程—车辆工程] G642.0[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]