论孔子伦理思想中的主体道德义务  

On the Subjective Moral Obligations in Confucius’Ethical Thought

作　　者：魏凯 WEI Kai(Department of Ideological and Political Affairs,Gannan Health Vocational College,Ganzhou 341000,China)

机构地区：[1]赣南卫生健康职业学院思政部,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《湖州职业技术学院学报》2024年第4期34-39,共6页Journal of Huzhou Vocational and Technological College

摘　　要：孔子认为,作为主体道德义务的“爱人”源于“良心”,其必须经历“良心”和“敬重”的两次转化,才能成为自律的义务。“礼”则源于“荣辱感”,“人的自我意识觉醒”是其由他律转化为自律的关键。孔子相信,履行“爱人”道德义务可以改善个人品格,并使其成为国家所需之才,而履行“礼”道德义务则有助于发挥周礼的政治作用和社会作用。履行主体道德义务能够使个体成为具有伦理精神的人,使社会成为伦理意义上的社会。所以,孔子主体道德义务思想对个人伦理精神的培育和社会伦理建设具有重要的伦理价值。主体道德义务思想是中华民族文化自信的理论源泉,并且履行主体道德义务就是在践行社会主义核心价值观。因此,孔子主体道德义务思想对传播中华优秀传统文化和塑造社会道德价值观具有十分重要的当代价值。Confucius believed that“loving others”,as the core subjective moral obligation,originates from“conscience”.This obligation must undergo two transformations before it can become a self imposed duty,first through“conscience”and then through“reverence”.Meanwhile,“Li”stems from a“sense of honor and disgrace”,and the“awakening of self awareness”is crucial for their transformation from external constraints to internal discipline.Confucius held that fulfilling the moral obligation of“loving others”could enhance one’s personal character and turn one into a talent required by the state.Fulfilling the moral obligation of“Li”would help to exert the political and social function of Zhou dynasty“Li”.By fulfilling subjective moral obligations,individuals can become persons embodying ethical spirit,and society can become an ethical community.Therefore,Confucius’thought on subjective moral obligations holds significant ethical value for cultivating individual ethical spirit and constructing social ethics.This thought serves as the theoretical source of Chinese cultural confidence,and fulfilling subjective moral obligations is the practice of socialist core values.Hence,Confucius’thought on subjective moral obligations possesses vital contemporary significance for propagating fine traditional Chinese culture and shaping social moral values.

关 键 词：孔子 伦理思想 道德义务 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]