液体活检技术在乳腺癌领域中的研究及应用现状  

Research and application of liquid biopsy in breast cancer

作　　者：刘梦莹 蔡浩 何明 罗芸 郭有 LIU Meng-ying;CAI Hao;HE Ming;LUO Yun;GUO You(Medical Big Data and Bioinformation Research Center,The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University,Ganzhou,Jiangxi 341000)

机构地区：[1]赣南医科大学第一附属医院医药大数据与生物信息研究中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《赣南医科大学学报》2025年第1期11-17,共7页JOURNAL OF GANNAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81903186);江西省重点研发计划项目(20203BBGL73202);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ211544,GJJ211545,GJJ211549)。

摘　　要：液体活检作为一种新兴的无创活检技术,广泛应用在肿瘤诊疗领域。其通过对血液、尿液等体液检测,获取肿瘤组织衍生生物标记物,因具有操作简便、可重复性好、非侵入性等特性,为肿瘤精准医疗带来变革。乳腺癌作为女性高发恶性肿瘤,其早期诊断与精准治疗对改善患者预后至关重要,在此背景下,液体活检技术在乳腺癌领域的应用价值备受关注。本文结合近年来国内外研究文献,从液体活检的检测技术及其在乳腺癌中的应用进展两方面展开探讨。文献复习结果表明,虽然循环肿瘤细胞、循环肿瘤DNA、外泌体、肿瘤相关微粒和肿瘤教化血小板的检测原理和技术特点不同,但这些液体活检指标为乳腺癌的早期筛查及临床诊断、肿瘤分期及预后评估以及治疗反应评估提供了强大助力。这些结果表明液体活检技术在乳腺癌领域应用前景广阔,未来仍需推进技术优化和整合,以促进其在乳腺癌临床诊疗中的广泛规范应用。Liquid biopsy,as an emerging non-invasive biopsy technique,is widely used in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.It obtains tumor tissue derived biomarkers by detecting body fluids such as blood and urine,and brings about a revolution in precision medicine for tumors due to its simple operation,good reproducibility,and non-invasive characteristics.Breast cancer is a high incidence of female malignant tumor,its early diagnosis and precise treatment are crucial to improve the prognosis of patients.In this context,the application value of liquid biopsy technology in the field of breast cancer has attracted much attention.Based on the recent research literature both domestically and internationally,this article discusses the detection technology of liquid biopsy and its application in breast cancer.The results of literature review showed that although the detection principles and technical characteristics of circulating tumor cells,circulating tumor DNA,exosomes,tumor associated microparticles and tumor-educated platelets were different,these liquid biopsy indicators provided powerful support in the early screening and clinical diagnosis of breast cancer,tumor staging and prognosis evaluation,and treatment response evaluation.These results indicate that liquid biopsy technology has a broad application prospect in the field of breast cancer,and technical optimization and integration still need to be improved in the future to promote its extensive and standardized application in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

关 键 词：液体活检 乳腺癌 循环肿瘤细胞 循环肿瘤DNA 外泌体 

分 类 号：R737.9[医药卫生—肿瘤]