喷涂型硅橡胶绝热材料的烧蚀性能研究  

Ablation performance of sprayable silicone rubber insulation material

作　　者：陈雁彬 胡俊杰 吴谦秋 陈亚格 强福智[2] 李洋 CHEN Yanbin;HU Junjie;WU Qianqiu;CHEN Yage;QIANG Fuzhi;LI Yang(National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Chemical Power,Xiangyang 441003,China;Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology,Xiangyang 441003,China)

机构地区：[1]航天化学能源全国重点实验室,襄阳441003 [2]湖北航天化学技术研究所,襄阳441003

出　　处：《固体火箭技术》2025年第1期156-162,共7页Journal of Solid Rocket Technology

基　　金：湖北省重大科技攻关项目(尖刀-2023BAA004)。

摘　　要：绝热层喷涂成型工艺能够满足大尺寸、高精度、自动化的成型需求,适用于细长筒段和复杂结构绝热成型。为提高固体发动机绝热层成型质量,设计了一种可喷涂成型的硅橡胶绝热材料,研究了添加ZrO_(2)、SiC、碳纤维粉和玻璃纤维粉对硅橡胶烧蚀性能、力学性能和密度的影响,并对材料的炭化层结构进行了分析。结果表明:ZrO_(2)能够增加硅橡胶炭化层的致密度,其线烧蚀率随ZrO_(2)含量的增加而降低,但ZrO_(2)添加量过高会导致材料的工艺性能变差且密度过大;SiC可调节硅橡胶中的Si/C比,促进ZrO_(2)、SiO_(2)和SiC复合陶瓷结构的生成,有助于提高硅橡胶的烧蚀性能;碳纤维粉可以增强炭化层的结构强度,有助于维持炭化层的结构完整性;添加玻璃纤维粉的硅橡胶烧蚀性能恶化。复配添加20 phr ZrO_(2)、3 phr SiC、3 phr CFP时硅橡胶的线烧蚀率降至对照样的40.8%,其线烧蚀率为0.082 mm/s,抗拉强度为3.71 MPa,断裂伸长率为285%,密度为1.33 g/cm^(3),具有应用于喷涂型绝热层的潜力。The spray forming process for insulation layers can meet the requirements of large-scale,high-precision,and automated forming,suitable for insulation forming of slender cylinder sections and complex structures.To enhance the quality of insulation layer formation for solid rocket motors,a sprayable silicone rubber insulation material was designed.Additionally,the effects of adding ZrO_(2),SiC,carbon fiber powder and glass fiber powder on the ablation performance,mechanical properties and density of silicone rubber were investigated.The results indicate that the addition of ZrO_(2)can increase the density of the carbonized layer of silicone rubber,and the linear ablation rate decreases with the increase of ZrO_(2)content.However,excessive ZrO_(2)addition would lead to poor process performance and excessive density of the material.The addition of SiC regulates the Si/C ratio of the silicone rubber,facilitating the formation of ZrO_(2),SiO_(2),and SiC ceramic structures,thereby enhancing the ablation resistance of silicone rubber.Carbon fiber powder can enhance the structural strength of the carbonized layer of silicone rubber by embedding itself into the framework,thereby maintaining the structural stability of the carbonized layer.Glass fiber powder melts and is washed away during the ablation process,and the ablation performance of silicone rubber deteriorates after the addition of glass fiber powder.The linear ablation rate of silicone rubber decreases to 40.8%of the sample,and the materials exhibits a linear ablation rate of 0.082 mm/s,tensile strength of 3.71 MPa,break elongation of 285%and density of 1.33 g/cm^(3),when 20 phr ZrO_(2),3 phrSiC and 3 phr CFP are added,which has the potential for application in spray type insulation layer.

关 键 词：绝热层 硅橡胶 烧蚀性能 喷涂成型 

分 类 号：V255[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]