风速和多障碍物影响下的氯气扩散及安全疏散优化研究  

Optimization of chlorine diffusion and safe evacuation considering wind speed and multiple obstacles

作　　者：陈金林[1] 张魁 李嘉豪 CHEN Jinlin;ZHANG Kui;LI Jiahao(College of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2025年第2期665-673,共9页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：甘肃省重点研发计划——工业类项目(24YFGA029)。

摘　　要：氯气是一种在化工行业中广泛使用的有毒有害化学品,泄漏后严重危害人民健康且会对环境造成污染。首先,以西北某化工厂区为研究对象,构建该区域的三维模型,使用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法模拟氯气扩散后浓度的时空分布,并讨论风速和多障碍物两个主要因素的影响。其次,通过Pathfinder软件构建化工厂区疏散模型,将疏散与就地避难相结合,根据气体浓度分布设置安全出口及就地避难场所。结果表明,随着风速的增大,氯气在侧风向的扩散距离和扩散范围均减少。在扩散过程中,空气和氯气的混合使得两者之间的传热和传质加剧,此时氯气向下风向扩散加剧。风速增大的同时,氯气在下风向扩散的浓度稀释也加快,造成人员危险的高浓度区范围也相对减小。当风吹向障碍物时,由于受到障碍物的阻塞,增大了氯气在垂直方向上的扩散面积。由于受建筑物顶部风速的影响,氯气向下风向扩散范围增加。建立就地避难场所后,人员到达安全地点的时间减少,相对于只有安全出口疏散时效率提升最大为17.5%。Chlorine is a toxic and hazardous substance commonly used in the chemical industry.Its leakage poses significant risks to human health and can lead to environmental pollution.This study focuses on a chemical plant located in Northwest China,where a three-dimensional model of the surrounding area has been developed for analysis.To achieve more accurate results,the gas diffusion calculation domain is set at 230 m×160 m×50 m.The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorine concentration following diffusion is simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)methods.The impacts of two key factors—wind speed and the presence of multiple obstacles—are examined.Following this analysis,an evacuation model for the chemical plant area is developed using Pathfinder software.The evacuation strategy incorporates local shelters,with safe exits and shelter locations determined based on the distribution of gas concentration.The results indicate that as wind speed increases,both the diffusion distance and diffusion range of chlorine in the crosswind direction decrease.During the diffusion process,the mixing of air and chlorine enhances heat and mass transfer,resulting in increased downwind dispersion of chlorine.Simultaneously,the increase in wind velocity enhances the dilution of chlorine concentration downwind,leading to a relative reduction in high-concentration zones that pose a risk to personnel.As chlorine gas tends to remain close to the ground during diffusion,when the wind encounters an obstacle,it causes the chlorine to diffuse more vertically due to the obstruction,thereby increasing the area of diffusion in that direction.The influence of wind speed at the top of the building increases the downwind diffusion range of chlorine gas.Once local shelters are established,the time required for individuals to reach a safe location is reduced,resulting in a 17.5%improvement in efficiency compared to evacuation solely focused on safe exits.

关 键 词：安全工程 氯气密封泄漏 计算流体力学 疏散 就地避难场所 障碍物 风速 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]