基于CFD的超高压喷油嘴空化特性正交优化研究  

Orthogonal optimization study on cavitation characteristics of ultra-high pressure fuel injectors based on CFD

作　　者：屈春叶 张乾[2] 何小强 QU Chunye;ZHANG Qian;HE Xiaoqiang(Shanxi Vocational Institute of Engineering,Taiyuan 030000,China;Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China;China Machinery Industrial Products Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100055,China)

机构地区：[1]山西工程职业学院,太原030000 [2]太原理工大学,太原030024 [3]中设集团装备制造有限责任公司,北京100055

出　　处：《现代制造工程》2025年第2期151-160,共10页Modern Manufacturing Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB0606305)。

摘　　要：通过计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)流体仿真模拟研究了某内燃机超高压喷油嘴的空化特性及燃油雾化特性。在验证燃油流体网格的基础上,分析了喷孔直径、喷孔入口倒圆半径和喷孔夹角对燃油气相流场的影响,并研究了喷孔出口处的燃油平均气相分数及雾化效果。结果表明:喷孔直径、喷孔入口倒圆半径和喷孔夹角均显著影响燃油雾化特性。随着喷孔直径增加,空化现象从下侧向上侧转移,燃油平均气相分数先增加后减少;喷孔入口倒圆半径增加则空化强度和燃油平均气相分数降低,但流量性能提升;喷孔夹角增大使空化从下壁面向上壁面转移,燃油平均气相分数增加,雾化效果改善。通过正交仿真试验得到了优化后的参数组合,即喷孔直径为0.26 mm、喷孔入口倒圆半径为0.02 mm和喷孔夹角为90°,喷孔出口处燃油流量为189.3 mL/s,燃油平均气相分数为25.6%。最后,通过试验验证了仿真模型的准确性,优化后的喷油嘴具有优良的雾化效果和流量特性。The cavitation and fuel atomization characteristics of an ultra-high pressure fuel injector in a certain diesel engine were investigated through Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)fluid simulation.On the basis of verifying the diesel fluid grid,the effects of nozzle diameter,nozzle inlet roundness radius,and nozzle angle on the diesel gas phase flow field were analyzed,and the average diesel gas phase fraction and atomization effect at the nozzle outlet were studied.The results show that the diameter of the nozzle,the radius of the chamfer,and the angle all significantly affect the diesel atomization characteristics.As the diameter of the nozzle increases,cavitation phenomenon shifts from the bottom to the top,and the average diesel gas phase fraction first increases and then decreases;increasing the radius of rounding reduces cavitation intensity and average diesel gas phase fraction,but improves flow performance;the increase in angle causes cavitation to transfer from the lower wall to the upper wall,resulting in an increase in average diesel gas phase fraction and improved atomization effect.Through orthogonal simulation experiments,the optimized parameter combinations were obtained as nozzle diameter of 0.26 mm,rounding radius of 0.02 mm,and angle of 90°,the diesel flow rate at the nozzle outlet was 189.3 mL/s,and the average diesel gas phase fraction was 25.6%.Finally,the accuracy of the simulation model was verified through experiments,and the optimized fuel injector has excellent atomization effect and flow characteristics.

关 键 词：计算流体动力学 超高压 喷油嘴 空化 正交试验 

分 类 号：TK403[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]