耕作方式和秸秆还田对麦–豆轮作田土壤理化特性和土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Soil Physiochemical Properties and Enzyme Activities in Wheat-Soybean Rotation Filed

作　　者：李文娜 李爽 关皓月 李梦瑶 赵凯男 张军 黄明[1] 吴金芝[1] 李友军[1] LI Wenna;LI Shuang;GUAN Haoyue;LI Mengyao;ZHAO Kainan;ZHANG Jun;HUANG Ming;WU Jinzhi;LI Youjun(College of Agriculture,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang,Henan 471023,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471023

出　　处：《土壤》2024年第6期1274-1282,共9页Soils

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(232102111009);河南省旱地绿色智慧农业特色骨干学科群建设项目(17100001);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300700)资助。

摘　　要：为明确耕作方式与秸秆还田对麦-豆轮作田土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响,于2018—2019年度小麦成熟期利用始于2009年的定位试验,研究翻耕秸秆不还田(PTNR)、翻耕秸秆还田(PTSR)、旋耕秸秆不还田(RTNR)和旋耕秸秆还田(RTSR)模式对麦-豆轮作田土壤容重、养分含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明:①与翻耕相比,旋耕有增加15~35 cm土层土壤容重,而降低35~60 cm土层土壤容重的趋势,且在秸秆不还田下使0~5、5~15 cm土层土壤有机质和全氮含量分别显著降低20.5%、21.2%和15.2%、9.7%;②与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田使翻耕下0~5、5~15 cm土层土壤容重分别显著降低2.9%和2.8%,旋耕下分别降低3.6%和2.9%,但多数条件下可显著提高0~35 cm土层有机质、全氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和脲酶、蛋白酶、转化酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性,且除15~35 cm土层外旋耕下的增幅多大于翻耕;③从互作效应看,旋耕秸秆还田有利于提高表层(0~15 cm)土壤养分含量和酶活性,而翻耕秸秆还田利于提高15~35 cm土层土壤养分含量和酶活性以及35~60 cm土层的全氮含量。综上,秸秆还田有利于优化土壤容重、养分含量和酶活性,但其效应因耕作方式而异,旋耕和翻耕分别在0~15 cm和15~35 cm土层表现出较优的效应,进而使旋耕秸秆还田利于表层、翻耕秸秆还田利于较深土层土壤质量的提升;旱作区麦-豆轮作田应采用秸秆还田且翻旋配合的管理模式。In order to clarify the effects of tillage methods and straw returning on soil physiochemical properties and enzyme activities under wheat-soybean rotation,the effects of plowing tillage without straw returning(PTNR),plowing tillage with straw returning(PTSR),rotary tillage without straw returning(RTNR)and rotary tillage with straw returning(RTSR)on soil bulk densities,nutrient contents and enzyme activities were studied at wheat maturity stages in 2018—2019 based on a long-term located experiment initiated from 2009.The results showed that,1)Compared with plowing tillage(PT),rotary tillage(RT)had a tendency to increase soil bulk density in 15-35 cm soil layer and decreased in 35-60 cm soil layer.Compared with PT,RT significantly reduced soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents by 20.5%and 21.2%in 0-5 cm soil layer,and 15.2%,9.7%in 5-15 cm soil layer under the condition of no straw returing.2)Compared with no straw returning(NR),straw returning(SR)significantly reduced soil bulk density by 2.9%in 0-5 cm and 2.8%in 5-15 cm soil layers under PT,and reduced by 3.6%and 2.9%under RT,respectively;while the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and the activities of urease,protease,invertase,alkaline phosphatase and catalase were significantly increased in 0-35 cm soil layer under most conditions.Moreover,except that in 15-35 cm soil layer,the increases in the above soil indexes were greater under RT than those under PT.3)Considering the interaction effects,RTSR was beneficial to increase soil nutrient contents and enzyme activities in 0-15 cm soil layer,while PTSR was beneficial to those in 15-35 cm soil layer and total nitrogen content in 35-60 cm soil layer.In conclusion,straw returning is beneficial to optimize soil bulk density,nutrient contents and enzyme activities,but the effects vary with tillage methods.Rotary tillage show better in 0-15 cm soil layer while plowing tillage show better in 15-35 cm soil layer,which in turn making RTSR is beneficial to improve

关 键 词：麦–豆轮作 耕作方式 秸秆还田 土壤理化性质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S152[农业科学—土壤学]