乳酸菌和噬菌体对中华鳖生理生化与肠道菌群的影响  

Effects of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophage on physiology,biochemistry and gut microbiota of Chinese soft-shelled turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis)

作　　者：齐天鹏 刘莉 夏美文 吕孙建 徐海圣[1,3] QI Tianpeng;LIU Li;XIA Meiwen;LYU Sunjian;XU Haisheng(College of Animal Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Institute of Hydrobiology,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Zhejiang University Huzhou South Taihu Lake Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Promotion Center,Huzhou 313000,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学动物科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江省农业科学院水生生物研究所,浙江杭州310021 [3]湖州市南太湖现代农业科技推广中心,浙江湖州313000

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第1期39-48,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：浙江省重点研发计划(2022C02027);湖州市农业科技创新团队项目(2022HN02)。

摘　　要：为探究饲料中添加乳酸菌和噬菌体对中华鳖生长性能、酶活力、免疫基因表达和肠道菌群的影响,以基础饲料为对照组,以在基础饲料中分别添加1×10^(7)CFU·g^(-1)乳酸菌、1×10^(7)CFU·g^(-1)乳酸菌+1×10^(9) PFU·g^(-1)噬菌体为试验组,以投喂方式养殖中华鳖90 d。对血清和肠道的酶活性,肝、脾、肾等器官的组织切片形态,免疫基因表达和肠道内容物的菌群组成等进行了检测。结果显示:与对照组相比,单独添加乳酸菌、联合添加乳酸菌和噬菌体的饲料均能显著(P<0.05)提高中华鳖的存活率,增加胰蛋白酶活性,乳酸菌+噬菌体组的增重率和特定生长率最高但没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。乳酸菌+噬菌体组的谷草转氨酶和酸性磷酸酶活性显著(P<0.05)降低,乳酸菌组的肝LYSC基因表达量显著(P<0.05)降低。然而,组织切片和肠道菌群的差异变化并不显著,各组织细胞均具有完整的形态与结构,肠道微生物的α多样性和门、属水平的微生物群落组成均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加适量的乳酸菌和噬菌体能显著提高中华鳖的存活率,并在一定程度上提高中华鳖的健康水平。This study investigated the effects of incorporating lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages into the feed on the growth performance,enzyme activity,immune gene expression,and gut microbiota of Pelodiscus sinensis.The experimental groups included a lactic acid bacteria group,which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×10^(7)CFU·g^(-1) of lactic acid bacteria,and a lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group,which received a basal feed supplemented with 1×10^(7)CFU·g^(-1) of lactic acid bacteria and 1×10^(9)CFU·g^(-1) of bacteriophages.The control group was provided with only the basal feed.After 90 days of feeding,the enzyme activity in serum and the intestine,the tissue morphology of the liver,spleen,kidney,and other organs,as well as the expression of immune-related genes and the microbiome composition in the intestinal contents were analyzed.The results revealed that,compared to the control group,diets supplemented with lactic acid bacteria alone and in combination with bacteriophages significantly(P<0.05)increased the survival rate of P.sinensis and trypsin activity.The lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group exhibited the highest weight gain rate and specific growth rate,although not significantly different(P>0.05).Activities of glutamine aminotransferase and acid phosphatase were significantly lower in the lactic acid bacteria+bacteriophage group,while hepatic LYSC gene expression was significantly(P<0.05)lower in the lactic acid bacteria group.However,there were no significant differential changes in tissue sections and gut microbiota.Tissue cells maintained intact morphology and structure,and theαdiversity of intestinal microorganisms,as well as microbial community compositions at the phylum and genus levels,showed no significant differences(P>0.05).In conclusion,the addition of an appropriate amount of lactic acid bacteria and bacteriophages to the ration can significantly improve the survival rate of P.sinensis and improve the health level of P.sinensis to a certain extent.

关 键 词：乳酸菌 噬菌体 中华鳖 生化特性 肠道菌群 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]