不同制样方法下6种耧斗菜花粉的形态特征  

Morphological characteristics of Aquilegia pollen grains from six species under different sample preparation methods

作　　者：廖珍凤 宋西娇 沈梦梦 肖彬 周媛 LIAO Zhenfeng;SONG Xijiao;SHEN Mengmeng;XIAO Bin;ZHOU Yuan(State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Institute of Garden Plants and Flowers,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 311251,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室,浙江杭州310021 [2]浙江省农业科学院园林植物与花卉研究所,浙江杭州311251

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2025年第1期67-77,共11页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

摘　　要：为了明确耧斗菜属不同品种间的花粉形态特征,并探究不同制样处理方式对花粉形态变化的影响,分别用冷冻扫描法、新鲜花粉干燥法、戊二醛固定法制备6种耧斗菜(Aquilegia)花粉样品。结果表明:在相同制样方法下,不同品种的花粉具有一定的共性和特异性;6种耧斗菜花粉均为等极的辐射对称型花粉,萌发沟为3沟型,覆盖层表面具刺状突起纹饰,说明不同品种耧斗菜之间具有高度的保守性;而极轴长度、赤道轴长度、极轴/赤道轴比值等方面存在显著差异,可作为耧斗菜品种分类鉴定的孢粉学依据。不同制样方法下,6种耧斗菜花粉大小排序基本一致,紫花耧斗菜的花粉最大,其次是无距耧斗菜,其余4种耧斗菜花粉大小差异不明显。冷冻扫描电镜法是研究耧斗菜孢粉学较理想的方法,最大程度地保持了花粉原本的超微结构特征。与冷冻扫描电镜法相比,新鲜花粉干燥法和戊二醛固定法制备的花粉极轴长度、P/E值和P×E值均存在不同程度的减小。该研究不仅成功建立了一套针对花粉超微结构观察的冷冻扫描技术体系,也为耧斗菜品种的分类鉴定提供了理论依据。To elucidate the pollen morphological characteristics of six Aquilegia species and to examine the impact of various sample preparation methods on alterations in pollen morphology,we prepared pollen samples using cryo-scanning electron microscopy,fresh pollen drying,and glutaraldehyde fixation techniques.The results revealed that under the same sample preparation method,different species of Aquilegia pollen exhibited certain commonness and specificity.All six species of Aquilegia pollen grains were characterized by isopolarity and radiate symmetry,with 3 germination furrow,covering layer surface ornamented with spinesis,indicating a high degree of conservatism among different species.Meanwhile,significant differences were observed in terms of polar axis length,equatorial axis length,polar axis/equatorial axis ratio,and other parameters,which could serve as palynological evidence for the classification and identification of Aquilegia species.Regardless of the sample preparation method,the size ranking of pollen grains among the six species of Aquilegia remained basically consistent.A.viridiflora var.Atropurpurear had the largest pollen grains,followed by A.ecalcarata,while the remaining four species showed no significant differences in pollen grain size.Cryo-scanning electron microscopy emerges was the preferred method for studying Aquilegia palynology due to its ability to preserve the ultrastructural characteristics of pollen grains.Compared with cryo-scanning electron microscopy,the data obtained through fresh pollen drying and glutaraldehyde fixation methods revealed varying degrees of reduction in polar axis length,P/E value,and P×E value.This research successfully established a cryo-scanning technique for ultrastructural observation of pollen grains and provided a theoretical foundation for the classification and identification of Aquilegia species in the field of palynology.

关 键 词：耧斗菜 花粉 形态 扫描电镜 超微结构 

分 类 号：S682.39[农业科学—观赏园艺]