适用于构树发酵饲料制备的微生物筛选  

Screening of microorganisms suitable for the preparation of fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed

作　　者：张琨 罗心雨 董自星 李丹丹[1] 唐存多[1] 姚伦广[1] 周黎 ZHANG Kun;LUO Xinyu;DONG Zixing;LI Dandan;TANG Cunduo;YAO Lunguang;ZHOU Li(Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Insect Bioreactor,College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering,Nanyang Normal University,Nanyang,Henan Province 473061,China;National Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources,College of Resources and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian,Shandong Province 271018,China;Sheqi Jingou Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Co.Ltd.,Nanyang,Henan Province 473307,China)

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院,生命科学与农业工程学院,昆虫生物反应器河南省工程实验室,河南南阳473061 [2]山东农业大学,资源与环境学院,土肥高效利用国家工程研究中心,山东泰安271018 [3]社旗金构农牧股份有限公司,河南南阳473307

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第3期33-39,共7页China Feed

基　　金：南阳师范学院高层次人才引进科研启动项目(2020ZX004);南阳师范学院国家自然科学基金项目培育基金(2023Y005);技术开发项目(20230320)。

摘　　要：作为一种新型、非常规的蛋白质饲料资源,构树发酵饲料具有巨大的开发与应用潜力。但受到现有微生物菌种和发酵制备工艺的限制,构树饲料中结构复杂蛋白质的消化利用率仍然较低。为此,本研究采用定性和定量的方法分别从构树根区土壤中筛选获得具有较高蛋白酶活性的细菌9株、真菌8株。其中,菌株AY和FG的蛋白酶活性分别为21.95 U/mL和55.16 U/mL。与对照相比,菌株AY可以使构树发酵饲料中粗蛋白质、酸溶蛋白和氨基态氮的含量分别显著提高了2.9%、26.7%和12.2%,而菌株FG则使三者分别显著提高了8.5%、43.3%和24.5%(P<0.05),而且这两株菌的作用效果不低于商业化菌株枯草芽孢杆菌AS 1.398、酿酒酵母或米曲霉RIB 40。经分子生物学鉴定后,分别将其命名为类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus sp.)AY和胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)FG。这为建立构树发酵饲料制备新工艺以及提高原料中结构复杂蛋白质的利用率奠定了良好的基础。As a novel and unconventional protein feed source,fermented Broussonetia papyrifera feed exhibits huge developmental and application potential.However,the utilization efficiency of structurally complex proteins in B.papyrifera has been restricted by the currently used microorganisms and fermentation processes.In the present study,nine hyperactive proteolytic bacterial strains and eight fungal strains were isolated from the root zone soil of B.papyrifera by qualitative and quantitative methods.Among them,the protease activities of strains AY and FG were determined to be 21.95 U/mL and 55.16 U/mL,respectively.As compared with the control group,the contents of crude proteins,acid soluble proteins and free amino acids in the fermented feed were significantly increased by 2.9%,26.7%and 12.2%by strain AY,respectively,while they were significantly increased by 8.5%,43.3%and 24.5%by strain FG,respectively(P<0.05),and the effects of these two strains were not lower than those of commercial strains Bacillus subtilis AS 1.398,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,or Aspergillus oryzae RIB 40.Finally,these two strains were identified and designated as Paenibacillus sp.AY and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa FG,respectively,using molecular biology identification method.The results lay a solid foundation for the establishment of a novel process for the preparation of B.papyrifera feed and the efficient utilization of its structurally complex proteins.

关 键 词：构树发酵饲料 蛋白质利用率 类芽孢杆菌 胶红酵母 筛选与鉴定 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]