论我国民事诉讼特殊救济程序的构建  

Research on the Establishment of Special Remedies Procedure in Civil Procedural Law of China

作　　者：潘剑锋[1] PAN Jian-feng

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《当代法学》2025年第1期3-15,共13页Contemporary Law Review

摘　　要：当前我国民事诉讼中的特殊救济程序包括再审之诉、案外人申请再审、执行异议之诉、第三人撤销之诉等程序,但由于实践中对特殊救济程序的目的、性质和特征的认识存在一定程度的误解,致使特殊救济程序在制度上呈现一般化、普通化之特征,带来终审不终、司法权威受损、程序空转、诉讼成本增加、无责任者担责、滥用诉权等实务层面的问题。特殊救济程序的本质在于其是特别的救济程序,具有“特殊性”与“救济性”,在程序设置时应遵循权利救济论、程序保障论、利益衡量论等基本理论。《民事诉讼法》在今后修正时,应当通过对特殊救济程序进行专章规定,根据特殊救济程序应当遵循的原理,对现有程序进行有针对性地优化,不断推动中国式民事诉讼特殊救济程序现代化。The current special relief procedures in civil litigation in China include retrial,application for retrial by a third party,objection to execution,revocation by a third party,and other procedures.However,due to a certain degree of misunderstanding of the purpose,nature,and characteristics of special relief procedures in practice,the special relief procedures have shown a general and universal feature in the system,leading to practical problems such as incomplete final appeal,damage to judicial authority,procedural idleness,increased litigation costs,liability of irresponsible parties,and abuse of litigation rights.The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed to improve the fair law enforcement and judicial system and mechanism,ensure that all aspects of law enforcement and judiciary operate under effective constraints and supervision,and improve the law enforcement and judicial relief and protection system.At present,due to the lack of scientific design in China's civil special relief procedures,there are several practical problems in judicial practice.The research and construction of special relief procedures in civil litigation is necessary to improve the judicial relief protection system in China's civil litigation,and it is also the only way to deal with the many practical problems faced by the current judicial system reform.It has important and profound theoretical value and practical significance for promoting the modernization of the rule of law in Chinese style civil litigation procedures.The essence of a special relief procedure is that it is a special relief procedure,with“particularity”and“relief”.When setting up the procedure,basic theories such as rights relief theory,procedural protection theory,and interest balancing theory should be followed.When the theory of rights relief requires special relief procedures in civil litigation,the fundamental purpose or original intention of the design of this type of procedure or system should be clarif

关 键 词：特殊救济程序 再审之诉 案外人撤销之诉 利益衡量 程序保障 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]