3种牧草贮藏周期营养品质变化研究  

Study on the changes in nutritional quality of three types of forages during storage period

作　　者：郝菲儿 刘赫[1] 张玥琨 胡斌 胡昕[1] 黄春 何夙旭[3] Hao Feier;Liu He;Zhang Yuekun;Hu Bin;Hu Xin;Huang Chun;He Suxu(Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technology,Beijing Zoo,Beijing 100044;Huapu Keyi(Beijing)Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101407;Feed Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]北京动物园管理处圈养野生动物技术北京市重点实验室,北京100044 [2]华谱科仪(北京)科技有限公司,北京101407 [3]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《现代畜牧兽医》2024年第12期8-12,共5页Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：北京市公园管理中心资助项目(KGBZ202308)。

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨不同贮藏时间(0、60、120和180 d)对3种牧草(柞树叶、羊草和苜蓿)营养品质的影响。试验分别在贮藏0、60、120和180 d时采样,测定柞树叶、羊草和苜蓿中基础营养成分、维生素、霉菌毒素含量及微生物数量,以确定最佳的贮藏期限。结果显示,随着贮藏时间延长,牧草营养成分逐渐下降,贮藏120 d时品质变化较大。3种牧草粗蛋白含量在贮藏120 d后开始减少,180 d时最低;随着贮藏时间延长,3种牧草中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均逐渐上升;而VC、VA和VE损失显著,苜蓿最为明显,其次为羊草。随着贮藏时间延长,3种牧草水分含量受季节影响均呈先增加后下降趋势;微生物含量的变化与水分含量变化呈正相关,在120 d时达到峰值,此时3种牧草均检出伏马毒素和呕吐毒素,其中以苜蓿中含量最高。研究表明,在室内自然贮藏过程中,3种不同类型的牧草的营养品质均出现下降趋势,建议牧草在室温下的贮藏时间控制在120 d内,以确保其营养价值达到最佳状态。The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different storage times(0,60,120 and 180 d)on the nutritional quality of three forage species(Quercus mongolica leaves,Leymus chinensis,and alfalfa).Samples were collected after 0,60,120,and 180 days of storage,and the contents of basic nutrients,vitamins,mycotoxins and microbial quantity in the leaves of Quercus mongolica leaves,Leymus chinensis,and alfalfa were determined to determine the best storage period.The results showed that the nutrient content of forage decreased gradually with the extension of storage time,and the quality changed greatly after 120 days of storage.The crude protein content of the three forage species began to decrease after 120 days of storage,and was the lowest at 180 days.With the extension of storage time,the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber increased gradually.The losses of VC,VA and VE were significant,and alfalfa was the most obvious,followed by Leymus chinensis.With the extension of storage time,the water content of the three forage species increased first and then decreased under seasonal influence.The changes of microbial content were positively correlated with the changes of water content,and reached the peak value at 120 days,when fumonisin and deoxynivalenol were detected in all three forage species,and the highest content was found in alfalfa.The results showed that the nutritional quality of the three different types of herbage decreased during indoor natural storage.It is recommended that the storage time of herbage at room temperature should be controlled within 120 days to ensure the best nutritional value.

关 键 词：牧草贮藏时间 营养成分 品质变化 维生素 微生物 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]